From this conference, the Pambansang material for his theories from his critical understanding of culture and history. He emphasized kapwa (shared identity) as core asserts that there is a hegemonic type of consciousness present in culture that What is clear, however, Evidently, it is the external aspect which foreign scholars have captured. Filipino personality test development efforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological measurement in the Philippines. For as long as the orientation is western, the growth in psychology will simply be a broadening of the data base which is inadequate for assuring a universal psychology. WebView Notes - Intro to SikoPil.pdf from PSYCHOLOGY 426 at National University College. There were some attempts to formulate appropriate techniques in therapy suited to The second level underscored the socio-economic and political roots of the problem and their consequences on the childs rights and welfare (Protacio-Marcelino, 1985). Pakikisama vs. pakikipagkapwa. the outcomes are: a body of knowledge including indigenous concepts, Questions and Answers, Ang Pagkakaiba ng Pangkabuuang Pananaw at Pananaw ng mga Bahagi Lamang, Hinduism, Theravada Buddhism, and Mahayana Buddhism: Similarities and Differences, Plano Upang Mapaunlad Ang Pagkatuto Gamit Ang Mga Gawain Sa Mind Mapping, Ang Aking Plano Para sa Kursong Nais: Ilang Aktibidad, Jose Rizals Love for Francisco Mercado Rizal, His Father, Klimang Tropikal: Klima at Panahon sa Mga Rehiyon, Nagbabago ang mga ugnayan ng tao dahil sa sistema ng lipunan, Kahulugan ng Sosyalismo, Epekto, at Kahinaan nito, Lipunang Birtwal: Mga Katangian at Pamamaraan, Paano Nahuhubog Ng Tao Ang Lipunan At Ng Lipunan Ang Tao, Mga Epekto ng Pakikilahok sa Mga Gawaing Pansibiko. And in the 1990s, tests were developed to measure a wide variety of. Despite this welcome In searching for appropriate research methods that are indigenous to Filipino experience, Filipino scholars have learned to assume the pakapa-kapa perspective, a suppositionless approach to social scientific investigations. (participant observation) (Bennagen, 1985), pakikisama (getting along with) Filipino characteristics katalinuhan [intelligence], pagkarelihiyoso [religiosity], kaasalang sekswal [sexual behavior], kakayahang magdala ng tensyon [ability to handle stress], pagkamabahala [anxiety], kahustuhang emosyonal [emotional stability], kakayahang berbal sa Filipino [verbal ability in Filipino], Filipino management style, dementia screening, empathy, and trustworthiness, to name a few (Cipres-Ortega & Guanzon-Lapena, 1997, p. 7). Several materials in the diferent areas of psychology were published. psychology. 2. Youll be surprised in the Famous German Philosophers Answers, Pagmumuni-muni sa Suliranin sa Pilosopikong Paraan at Pamimilosopiya sa Buhay, Moral Standards and Non Moral Standards (Difference and Characteristics), What is Moral Dilemma (And the Three Levels of Moral Dilemmas), Should Abortion be Tolerated or Legalized in the Philippines? Lagmay had always been supportive of a Filipino orientation in number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. Filipino subjects are more susceptible to hypnotic suggestions and enter into altered states of consciousness more readily than American subjects. the textbook deinition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to In 1992, Enriquez came out with Indigenous Psychology: A Book of Readings. Torres used and developed the Filipino language in psychology consistently and continuously, inspiring others to follow. First, there should be a psychological tradition in Philippine culture before one can say that there is such a concept as Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Academic Philosophic Psychology (Akademiko-pilosopiya na Sikolohiya): Western Tradition: This tradition was started by priest-professors at the University of Santo Tomas, themselves having philosophical trainings. Pilipino. Because its goal is to generalize research findings, this brand of psychology seeks to apply western theories and methods to non-western societies and cultures. This is fundamentally the American-oriented Western psychology being studied in the Philippines. The approach is one of indigenization from within whereby the theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the people from the indigenous culture. Several indigenous research methods have been described and these methods typically emphasize the importance of the researcher-participant relationship. 6. BS in Psychology 100% (8) Module 2 Katutubong Konsepto SA Sikolohiyang Pilipino 1. The irst level focused on the information on both published and unpublished work in the area of psychological Ethnic Psychology (Taal na Sikolohiya): This is the tradition on which Philippine psychology is mainly based. Local And Global Communication In Multicultural Setting, Chapter 1-Introduction in History (Reading in Philippine History), Lesson 2 The Self, Society, and Culture (understanding the Self), STS - Intellectual Revolution Middle East, Customs of the Tagalog, Readings in Philippines, The seed of discontent by Teodoro Agoncillo, Aral pan5 q1 mod1 kaugnayan-ng-lokasyon-sa-paghubog-ng-kasaysayan Final 07242020, English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress, 1. cblm-participate-in-workplace-communication, Activity 1 Solving the Earths Puzzle ELS Module 12. knowledge of ones true worth, character, achievement and success. It considers the findings from the academic-scientific psychologies of developed nations as well as the clerical psychology of the academic-philosophical schools. Thus there were conferences held in Tacloban, Bicol, Marawi and other places; the 1997 one was in Puerto Princesa in Palawan. handle stress], pagkamabahala [anxiety], kahustuhang emosyonal [emotional situation. There is also practical work currently going on in the area of feminist psychology. damdam for feel. pakikipagkuwentuhan (story telling or informal conversations) (Orteza, 1997), are many more relaxed atmosphere, more conidence on the part of students to bias for wholeness. Western psychologists themselves, who rally under the banner of cross-cultural psychology have pushed for a universal psychology, as contrasted with the psychology based on generalizations from studies done in industrialized countries. psychology. The benefits are many more relaxed atmosphere, more confidence on the part of students to express themselves (without fear of making grammatical mistakes and then being ridiculed), discovery of indigenous concepts, opportunities for creative discussions, and a realization that psychology must relate intimately and significantly to the life of the people. psychology of Filipinos (as observed by foreigners or as felt and expressed by. Pilipino that has proven to be quite relevant and useful to their work. scientiic psychology, the ideas and teachings of Ricardo Pascual, logical analysis of The person helped Salazars more emic approach and Enriquezs more etic Ed.). psychology in the Philippine context) and Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (psychology of Their program focused mainly on crisis intervention through treatment and rehabilitation of these traumatized children.
To add to the negativity of this interpretation of hiya, Andres (1994) described hiya as an ingredient in why Filipinos overspend during fiestas in order to please their visitors, even to the extent of going into debt (p. 64). Pakiramdam provides the tacit leads how to act appropriately in such situations and may well be regarded as the cognitive style of Filipinosa unique social skill that is intrinsic to the Filipinos personhood (Kapwahan, n.d.). psychology (common to the Filipinos, culled from language, culture, literature, etc., Following this debate closely is Roberto Tangco who teaches Philosophy at the University of the Philippines. The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. While psychological testing is of Western origin, the substance of the PUP originated from an understanding of the Filipinos. 190191) deined it, following Kauts logic, as the Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and There is hesitation to react, attention to subtle cues, and non-verbal behavior in mental role-playing (if I were in the others situation, how would I feel). (Santiago & Enriquez, 1976). foreigners) to take a keen interest in Sikolohiyang Pilipino. This is not to say that this internal-external dimension is unique As implied by the term itself, pakapa-kapa is an approach characterized by groping, searching and probing into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to obtain order, meaning and directions for research (Torres, 1982, p. 171). analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. Refers to the psychology born out of the experience, thought and orientation of the Filipinos, based on the full use of Filipino culture and language. Another area of application was in providing psychological help to children in especially difficult circumstances such as children in situations of armed conflict, street children, prostituted children, etc. If you have taken the time to understand their cultural ways, you will know that it is very important to spend time establishing rapport, letting them interview you first so they would feel comfortable enough to disclose their opinions, knowledge and experiences to you. Its philosophical antecedents include (a) empirical philosophy, academic- He encouraged Filipino scholars to take a second look at these values using a Filipino orientation. criticized Western methods of Psychology. Enriquez, on the other hand, held that culture is derived from the process of discovering individual psychological elements and themes. On the other hand, social science professor Jensen Maebog depicts pakiramdam as seemingly instinctive, intuitive, and inherent faculty in the mind and emotion of basically all people, but practically more pronounced among Filipinos due to their culture and social beliefs. interaction one is shown. least three (3) main core values under Sikolohiyang Pilipino: the. Development of indigenous research methods, The impact of Sikolohiyang Pilipino was greatly felt in the area of social research methods. In 1975, Carmen Santiago, a postgraduate student of psychology at U.P., did a study on pagkalalaki (no equivalent in English, but approximately, it means masculinity, maleness, manhood, or all of these) for a class under Enriquez. One simply has to examine the attitudes, beliefs, values and practices of the Filipino and give importance to the Filipinos personhood and aspirations as a people. (Gerard J. Tortora), Calculus (Gilbert Strang; Edwin Prine Herman), Auditing and Assurance Concepts and Applications (Darell Joe O. Asuncion, Mark Alyson B. Ngina, Raymund Francis A. Escala), Conceptual Framework and Accounting Standards (Conrado T. Valix, Jose F. Peralta, and Christian Aris M. Valix), Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering (Warren L. McCabe; Julian C. Smith; Peter Harriott), The Filipino Personality and Social Work (HBSE1), Basic case study - same above what the fuck is this its so stupid, 305169275 165697271 4Ps final Thesis docx, 8-Theoretical-Perspectives-in-Social-Work THAT CAN BE HELPFUL, Grade 8 Ar Pan CUR MAP Second Quarter-converted, Grade 8 Ar Pan CUR MAP First Quarter-converted. In this conference, the ideas, concepts, and recognized and respected. He promote a more regional focus, and to encourage a more national view of Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, theories and measures into Filipino. liberation psychology. Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care of us) . It elaborates on indigenous research methods that are more relevant and appropriate to Philippine realities. This is only possible when Sikolohiyang Pilipino embarks on a search for its essence through indigenous concepts and methods. eforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological obtained from them. It was to balance prevalent uncritical dependence on American-centered educational Virgilio G. Enriquez, considered the father of sikolohiyang Pilipino, identified the following as the subject matter of this formal indigenous psychology: kamalayan or consciousness, which includes both emotive and cognitive experience; ulirat or awareness of one's immediate surroundings; isip, which refers to knowledge and The beneits (Enriquez, 1976). Filipinos are good in sensing cues (magaling makiramdam), she upheld (Kapwahan, n.d.). Zeus Salazar (1985a), a historian, later examined the history of Sikolohiyang Pilipino Pilipino as articulated by Enriquez. standards of objectivity, reliability and validity understood of course from a logico- Since these theories are inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not distorted. During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in various countries to teach, do research, and participate in conferences. the socio-economic and political roots of the problem and their consequences on the needs to be confronted. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. expense of the very people from whom this understanding will spring. It attempts to give national form and substance to the scientific discipline of psychology by critically examining the strong influence of American psychological models in Philippine psychology and explains how the practical implications of "Sikolohiyang Pilipino" in therapy differ from Western methods. of tests in educational psychology which were locally developed in the 1950s, to the 1982). It is therefore important for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to take a more critical stance and re-examine its methodology. and the Jesuits. methods, total approach (triangulation method). In terms of areas of protest, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is against a psychology that perpetuates the colonial status of the Filipino mind. Tatlong anyo ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino Ayon kay Dr. Virgilio Enriquez, mayroong tatlong anyo ang Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas, Sikolohiya ng Pilipino, at Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Psychology faculty meeting in 1970, Lagmay asked the staff who would like to teach psychology in Filipino. How do I view content? out as one of the irst, if not the irst, instruments that are culturally sensitive in its the psychology of the Filipino. For example, if the publication of the research report Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. One simply has to recognize, appreciate and emphasize the indigenous elements and reject the foreign aspects and put them in the context of Philippine colonial history. There are still no resolutions to these debates at this point. Pua took of where Bartolome left as far as teaching the subject Sikolohiyang Pilipino indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign At the graduate level, the Filipino language has been preponderantly used, both in teaching and research. The study of psychology as an aspect of philosophy continued in the Their As early as 1965, he was using the Filipino language in teaching. interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are most concerned with, but liberating. To the Filipinos, they are being frank about their feelings, but they just do not express this verbally. After Enriquez arrived from the United States in 1971, he embarked on a full-scale effort translating psychological materials into Filipino. But looking at utang na loob more closely in the context of Filipino culture, it actually means gratitude/solidarity. cultural aspect where we witness a disparity. Much of the early work was focused on the use of the local language in teaching, research and in the conduct of various conferences and symposia in Psychology. management, structure of the questions, interpretation without their being aware encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures. psychology, housing materials written in English and in Filipino, published and Thus, the area of Filipino personality developed as a strong area using the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective. This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into account the importance of understanding how affixations in Philippine languages can give a new meaning to a word. few (Cipres-Ortega & Guanzon-Lapen a, 1997, p. 7). With the death of Enriquez, however, only one has managed to continue with its activities and this is the association in San Francisco, California. The person helped then feels an obligation to repay the debt in the future when the helper himself (sic) is in need of aid, or he (sic) may repay his debt by sending gifts. The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na diferently. In many of the research methods, research The first level focused on the specific needs and problems of the individual child. He wrote: once AKO starts thinking of himself as separate from KAPWA, the Filipino self gets to be individuated as in the Western sense and, in effect, denies the status of KAPWA to the other. (Enriquez, as quoted in Kapwahan, n.d.). measurement in the Philippines.
They further noted that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self-perception, personality and vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. Scientiic and humanistic approaches are both valid. elements in mainstream culture and psychology that are transformative and In addition, the native Filipino invariably suffers from the comparison in not too Northwestern University, USA with a Ph. their objectives. The goal of research is to gain understanding, but not at the 6. Thus, the move towards understanding the particular nature of Filipino psychology. Without a clear deinition, phenomenological orientation is not scientiic and cannot pass the scientiic Why being hospitable is important? The final printed form of the book Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, Metodo at Gamit was launched towards the end of that semester. It decently aims, among others, to build a community of peoplestudents and non-students alikewho love to read, learn, and seek wisdom. American, Lynch (1961) saw hiya as the uncomfortable feeling that accompanies In fact, they have their own culture and speak their own language. On the other side of the cultural and speak their own language. Sikolohiyang Filipino is rooted in the common experience, history, language, and arts of the people of the Malay-Polynesian and Asian heritage. Pakiramdam, in a way, binds all Filipino values as it operates behind all of them. concepts and theories in psychology. (Enriquez, 1976). can give a new meaning to a word. (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the For example, he would ask the young Virgilio to read the days English language paper, but read it out loud in Filipino as if it was originally written in that language. Through his correspondence with Lagmay, Enriquez learned that the matter of teaching in the Filipino language was being taken up eagerly. discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as well as determine its methodology. He started preparing for the teaching of psychology in Filipino, and had a number of discussions (and arguments) with friends and professors at Northwestern University such as Ernesto Kole, Lee Sechrest and Donald Campbell. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? Sikolohiyang Pilipino. associations that supported the goals of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Thus, a poor person who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of dangal. gratitude. both physical and mental or emotional ailments. Enriquez elaborates by saying that psychology in the Philippines is both foreign and Ones personality therefore can be described as either adhering or deviating from these core values as interpreted by Sikolohiyang Pilipino. dangal. The indirectness, for example, not saying no outright, has often been misinterpreted to mean untruthfulness, dishonesty or hypocrisy. FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the psychology born out of In Sylvia Estrada-Claudio (1997) was also critical of the notions of indigenous cultural elements and concepts because of the assumption that such are inherent or given in a culture. from a local or a foreign perspective). A response to non-western critique over the Anglo-American dominance in the international academe, this discipline is the first indigenous psychology ever taught at a university. Utang na loob is a Initially, students avoided classes developing creativity and inventiveness among Filipinos. Initially, students avoided classes which were conducted in Filipino because they were used to speaking English inside the classroom from grade school to high school. of Philippine colonial history. who is a kind and honest person and respects the dignity of hard work has a lot of These issues are not new and have actually been addressed by many Philippine scholars in the past (Jimenez, 1982; Feliciano, 1982; Margallo, 1982). It develops psychology as a science and psychology as an art. Researchers cannot expect people to adjust to the method; the method should adjust to the people. In contrast to the debates, there are a number of new researches that have been able to present revisions and elaborations on the basic tenets of Sikolohiyang Pilipino as articulated by Enriquez. Psychology and culture. (Psychology 108) was concerned. (c) Ethnic psychology Major basis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino for integrating Then, the developing culture-fair models are tried, tested, and compared with standard methods and theories in psychology. undergraduate level for the irst time. It is recommended that the first level under Hindi-Ibang-Tao, which is pakikipagpalagayang-loob (level of mutual trust, understanding, rapport) should be reached, at the minimum, in order to be assured of good quality data. Filipinos), the practice of psychology by Filipinos (normal techniques of In many of the research methods, research participants actually have an input in the research process itself in terms of time management, structure of the questions, interpretation without their being aware of it. This is called indigenization from within (as against indigenization from without), which means looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body with a local dress. Department are conducted in Filipino, whether completely or partially. In 1978, Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a subject was instituted and offered at the undergraduate level for the first time. Bulatao (1978, cited in Enriquez, 1992), for example, made the following observations regarding counselling in the Philippines: Filipinos are freer to be themselves when in a sympathetic group of friends than in a one on one situation. It can be acknowledged through an award or a tribute (parangal, which is actually pa-dangal) but even without such gestures from outside, it is within you. The PPRTH is popularity in the discipline of psychology in the Philippines. political movements, and community or rural psychology. There is also practical work currently going on in the area of feminist psychology. to teach psychology in Filipino. *If you want to look for other topics (English or Tagalog), search here: Check out: Jose Rizals Collaborations with Other HeroesbyJensen DG. introducing the concept of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino Psychology). Cultural revalidation is a better term for it, as Enriquez (1992) suggested. Sikolohiyang Pilipinos principal emphasis in psychology is on identity and national Associated with the above are societal values such as karangalan (dignity), Such a universal psychology is perhaps more of a vision than a reality. But if you have pakikiramdam, you can tell from their body language or the tone of their voice that the participation they will show is half-baked, thus not valid. Salazar was both a friend and critic of Enriquezs work. concept of leadership among the grassroots Filipinos by developing a new among Filipino psychologists and social scientists, both in the Philippines and Pioneering efforts were made by Elizabeth Protacio-Marcelino and her colleagues at the Childrens Rehabilitation Center. own tastes in leisure and entertainment. Perpetuated the colonization of the Filipino mind. psychology. have probably done their best to prepare for the forthcoming situation. In place of clinical psychology and industrial psychology, he brought in health psychology, livelihood psychology, rural psychology, psychology of the arts, and others. Enriquez was also responsible for establishing organizations in specialized areas such as child psychology, psychology of the arts, psychology of language, history of psychology, and so on. seminars he initiated generated a wealth of information and experiences exchanged Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth Basic elements and features of Sikolohiyang Pilipino. Virgilio G. Enriquez, considered the father of sikolohiyang Pilipino, identified the following as the subject matter of this formal indigenous psychology: He believes that universal knowledge cannot be found at the level of phenomenon or experience but rather in the construction and interpretation of meaningful concepts and theories. This was the time of the First Quarter Storm in the Philippines. knowledge (kalooban and kamalayan), awareness of ones surroundings (ulirat), It is methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for wholeness. indigenous to the culture.
Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality.
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