They steal a repoted $3,000. Afterwards his head was sewn back onto the body for viewing, and he was interred at the Clayton Cemetery. [5], Ketchum's last words were reported by the San Francisco Chronicle as: "Good-bye. After camping at the head of Dry Canyon in northeast New Mexico, Sam Ketchum, Bill Carver, and Elza Lay, aka William McGinnis, made off with some $50,000 from the train in Folsom, New Mexico. WebThe Tom Ketchum Cave artists broke from the abstract style more common in the region to represent game animals and hunters, perhaps to ensure success in a disappearing way of life. The conductor said, We just came to help you, but if this is the way you feel, we will go and leave you. Black Jack responded, No boys, I am all done; take me in. (In other accounts, Sheriff Saturinino Pinard is credited with the arrest). Arizona (State / Territory)

The hanging was a big attraction, with stores closing and saloons remaining open, doing a brisk business. The second major crime attributed to Tom was the murder of a neighbor, John N. "Jap" Powers, in Tom Green County, Texas, on December 12, 1895. INDEX WebHunters and the Hunted: the Prehistoric Rock Art of Tom Ketchum Cave . Fall out of there goddamn quick, the outlaw snaps; Drew complies. Summary. 2 Earth Crack No. The execution by hanging was botched; he was decapitated because the executioner used a rope that was too long. christian talk radio hosts / speed increased by 13 for each shadowlands Reno of the Colorado & Southern Railroad, and five deputies found their trail and tracked them into Turkey Creek Canyon near Cimarron, New Mexico. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Hearing a banging on the door, express car messenger Charles P. Scotty Drew opens the door and finds himself looking down the barrel of Ketchums Winchester.

Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society, Arizona State Museum. Soon, Levi and four other men began following the brothers trail. [4] Bat Cave, near Horse Springs, was occupied around 3,500 BC. WebOn June 11, 1896, Tom and Sam Ketchum looted the Liberty, New Mexico, general store and post office operated by Levi and Morris Herzstein. Maybe he was a cattle thief., Duane A. Smith, Colorados foremost historian, particularly in the mining history of the state, produces. Both Tom Ketchum and the badly wounded Fred Bartlett were treated in the Mount San Rafael Hospital. He landed on the ground with a blow that knocked the wind out of him. He left Texas in 1890, possibly after committing a crime. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. During the robbery, the conductor had sneaked away, making his way to Nutt, where he telegraphed for help. WebThe Tom Ketchum Cave artists broke from the abstract style more common in the region to represent game animals and hunters, perhaps to ensure success in a disappearing way of life. Posted on Published: May 8, 2017- Last updated: October 1, 2022. At that time, Catron County was organized and named for Thomas B. Catron, a leading figure in New Mexico statehood and its first US senator. This resource is a citation record only, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not have a copy of this document. Copyright 2018 Digital Antiquity. Reserve can also be reached by following U.S. Route 180 north from Silver City and New Mexico State Road 12 east for a total of 99 miles (159km). The elk population at some 12,000 head, is much larger than the sparse human population. Description of the design motifs, environmental setting, and artifacts provides information for tentative interpretations regarding cultural affiliation, function, and age of the pictographs. Webvan gogh peach trees in blossom value // tom ketchum cave. The train crew dresses Harringtons wound and fixes the brake system, and 35 minutes later skedaddles down track to Clayton and safety. He throws the door open and fires from the hip. "Elzy" or "Elza" (William Ellsworth) Lay was born November 25, 1868, Mount Pleasant, Ohio. He was also the only person who suffered capital punishment for the offense of felonious assault upon a railway train in the State of New Mexico.

However, information at the Sutton Historical Society in Texas, says that Will Carver and Sam Ketchum were the ones actually accused of killing Powers in Knickerbocker. WebOn June 11, 1896, Tom and Sam Ketchum looted the Liberty, New Mexico, general store and post office operated by Levi and Morris Herzstein. The area was where the old wagon road crossed the Colorado and Southern Rail tracks near Twin Mountain. However, when they reached the Sunset Crossing of the Little Colorado River, his wife suddenly took ill and died. 600). (Nonfiction), The Lakota Ghost Dance of 1890 (Nonfiction). This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 04:28. Hunters and the Hunted: The Prehistoric Art of Tom Ketchum Cave Jeffery F. Burton Trans-Sierran Archaeological Research 332 E. Mabel Street Tucson, AZ 85705 and Department of Anthropology University of Arizona Tucson, AZ 85721 After leaving Texas in late 1895, the brothers worked at the Bell Ranch until sometime in early June 1896, when they quit, stealing supplies from the ranch before they left. WebThomas Edward Black Jack Ketchum was born on October 31, 1863, in San Saba County, Texas. This article describes a distinctive rock-art site in the Pedregosa Mountains of southeast Arizona. WebThe Tom Ketchum Cave artists broke from the abstract style more common in the region to represent game animals and hunters, perhaps to ensure success in a disappearing way of life. Then all but two nuns were massacred. Apparently, the Ketchum Gang felt confident in robbing trains between Folsom and Des Moines in this area of New Mexico. His remains are buried at Cooney's Tomb. The province remained in Spanish control until Mexico gained independence in 1821. Did we miss your favorite? In the late 1940s and early 50s, archeologists found stone artifacts of human inhabitation spanning 5,000 years. On October 5, 1900, Ketchum made the long drop (during which his head snapped off), and he was buried in the Clayton cemetery. WebTom Ketchum Cave (AZ FF:07:03 [ASM], AR 03-05-01-12 [FS]) is lo-cated along Tom Ketchum Canyon Creek in the Pedregosa Mountains of south-east Arizona, 20 miles northeast of the town of Douglas (Figure 1). [15] The racial makeup of the county was 89.8% white, 2.7% American Indian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 3.8% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. The country also attracted European-American outlaws. On September 3, 1897, Black Jack and his gang were back at it, robbing another train, making off with about $20,000 in gold and $40,000 in silver.

The outlaws were better armed with high-powered rifles and smokeless powder, while the posse had conventional black powder guns, the smoke of which gave away their positions. (requires login). Rock art analysis has been used both to provide insight into prehistoric symbolism and ceremony, and to measure prehistoric interaction and The Ketchum Gang, led by Tom, included various outlaws, but included notables such as Will Carver, Elza Lay, and Ben Kilpatrick. Your gift is invested back into tDAR's infrastructure to ensure this community-supported archive is sustainable! WebThe caves are listed alphabetically in the index. [7] The county is home to the Red Hill Volcanic Field as well as the Plains of San Agustin. The Ketchums were finishing a meal when Herzsteins posse came thundering down on them.

The Lightning Field, an art installation on the open earth, brought national attention to Quemado in this county in the late 1970s. Secret Pass A wagon train of Spanish priests headed from Mexico to California was loaded with all the religious refinements need to establish a new mission. Subscribe to Digital Antiquity on Youtube. A more complete set of acknowledgements are provided here. Anasazi To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? The Ketchums were finishing a meal when Herzsteins posse came thundering down on them. Lewis-Williams and Dowson, 1988; Whitley, 1994; Whitley and Loendorf, 1994). Later, the same thing occurred at the hanging of one Eva Dugan at the Pinal County, Arizona prison in 1930. His father, Green Berry Ketchum, Sr., died at 48 when Tom was only five. Soon, Levi and four other men began following the brothers trail. Tularosa River Site and Tularosa Ranger Station - A collection of more than 500 petroglyphs and a historic US Forest Service ranger station dating to the 1920s. 335-356) Jeffery F. Burton Ive been reading Elmer Keltons The Day the Cowboys Quit. Additional information (i.e., the dating and character of rock art, mitochondrial DNA analyses, burial patterns, obsidian hydration chronology, toolstone use, dietary patterns, and distribution of time-sensitive artifacts) was gathered from archaeological studies elsewhere in the southwestern Great Basin. WebThe Tom Ketchum Cave artists broke from the abstract style more common in the region to represent game animals and hunters, perhaps to ensure success in a disappearing way of life. The Tom Ketchum Cave artists broke from the abstract style more common in the region to represent game animals and hunters, perhaps to ensure success in a disappearing way of life. Several other notable outlaws operated out of Hole In The Wall, which was a hideout for numerous outlaw gangs which operated separately. This article describes a distinctive rock-art site in the Pedregosa Mountains of southeast Arizona. The sisters were able to make their way back to Mexico where they returned to tell of the tragedy.

That evening, a thunderstorm began, and they returned to the store, owned by Morris and Levi Herzstein, who invited them to take shelter. His mother, Temperance Katherine Wydick Ketchum, suffered from blindness before she died when Thomas was just ten. His father, Green Berry Ketchum, Sr., died at 48 when Tom was only five. On July 24, 1899, he died in the Santa Fe penitentiary and was buried in the Odd Fellows Cemetery. WebThe Tom Ketchum Cave artists broke from the abstract style more common in the region to represent game animals and hunters, perhaps to ensure success in a disappearing way of life. During their escapades, the press tagged Tom as Black Jack, but its likely that his fellow gang members never called him that. [citation needed], At the trial, Ketchum was convicted of attempted train robbery and sentenced to death. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. The posse made an immediate search for the coins, but they were never found.
lat: 31.333 ; Did cowboys accurately shoot revolvers from horseback? The per capita income for the county was $20,895. Subject matter in this quarterly publication include prehistoric and historic archaeology, ethnology, history, anthropology, linguistics, and ethnohistory. Outlaw Will Carver holds off the posse, killing two. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. The brothers then headed west to Arizona, where they sometimes rode with Butch Cassidys Wild Bunch.

The hanging was delayed several times until lawmen heard rumors that the old gang would attempt to free Tom. Several in the later Ketchum Gang were also sometime members of Butch Cassidys Hole-in-the-Wall Gang and the two gangs had numerous personal connections. I place this explanatory framework in a larger context based on a contemporary understanding of comparative religion and the complexity of forager symbolism. Kathy Alexander/Legends of America, updated February 2023. What does he mean by the word tawline?. Each cave's entry is followed by the county name and the 7 1/2 minute quadrangle name. Tom later admitted to participating in the murder but claimed he was paid to do it. [3] Catron County is New Mexico's largest county by area. Kiva, The Journal of Southwest Anthropology and History was founded by the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society in the 1930s as an outlet for publishing the bourgeoning archaeological work on the southwest United States and northwest Mexico. 1988, KIVA Journal of Southwestern Anthropology and History. Bisbee Junction According to legend bandits loot from a train robbery was hidden here and has yet to be found. Kathy Weiser-Alexander/Legends of America, updated June 2021. WebHunters and the Hunted: The Prehistoric Art of Tom Ketchum Cave Hunters and the Hunted: The Prehistoric Art of Tom Ketchum Cave (pp. 3099067 He was reportedly killed by Chiricahua Apache led by Victorio that year, in what the European Americans called the "Alma Massacre". He crawled into the engine and drew his pistol on the engineer and fireman, forcing them to stop the train. The explosion blew the 8,000 coins through the roof and all over the right-of-way. Born in Texas in 1863, the youngest of three boys, Tom Ketchum fled to the Pecos Valley of New Mexico where he cowboyed until joining his brother Sam in 1894. WebThomas Edward Ketchum (known as Black Jack; October 31, 1863 April 26, 1901) was an American cowboy who later became an outlaw. He falls, face forward, onto the floor of the car. Human settlement in the Catron County region dates to some of the earliest in the Americas. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. You son of a bitch, Ill kill you, threatens Ketchum, pushing his Winchester into the trainmans armpit before adding, Ill shoot if you dont., The engineer coolly defies him: Shoot away.. DOI:10.2307/30246487, International Federation of Rock Art Organizations (IFRAO) 2013 Proceedings, American Indian Rock Art, Volume 40, 1994 IRAC Proceedings, Rock Art-World Heritage, Studies in Colorado Desert Prehistory and Ethnohistory, Life Beyond the Boundaries: Constructing Identity in Edge Regions of the North American Southwest (Harry and Herr, editors), Paradigm Shifts, Rock Art Studies and the Coso Sheep Cult of Eastern California, Myth, Ritual and Rock Art: Coso Decorated Animal-Humans and the Animal Master, Culture Crisis and Rock Art Intensification, Linguistic Archaeology: Prehistoric Population Movements and Cultural Identity, Cultural Crisis and Rock Art Intensification, The Petroglyphs of Atlatl Ridge, Tortolita Mountains, Pima County, Arizona, Hunters Shelter And White Oaks Spring Pictographs, The Sears Point Archaeological District Documentation Responding to a BLM request for a comprehensive Sears Point Rock Art Recording Project (SPRARP), Rupestrian CyberServices (RCS) and Plateau Mountain Desert Research, Petroglyphs of Lake Pleasant Regional Park, Gender in Hohokam Imagery and Landscape: Sutherland Wash Rock Art District, Coronado National Forest, Arizona, Cenitpede Cave: A Dramatic Mixed Style Rock Art Site in Western Texas, Ground Stone and Pecked Rock: Rock Art on the Pah Rah Uplands, Washoe County, Nevada. 2 December 2022, at 1:13 p.m. Thomas Black Jack Ketchum was taken into custody but developed gangrene his... Of Southwestern anthropology and history his Horse make their way back to Mexico they. Dowson, 1988 ; Whitley, 1994 ) these young men were members of Cassidys... Publication include prehistoric and historic archaeology, ethnology, history, anthropology, linguistics, and ethnohistory citation needed,! Have a copy of this document but they were captured, did townspeople learn these young men members! Confident in robbing trains between Folsom and Des Moines in this area of New Mexico Ghost Dance of (!, by area a curve with a blow that knocked the wind out of there goddamn quick, the for! December 2022, at the top of the tragedy Society, Arizona state.! War and abolition of slavery Rock Art of Tom Ketchum and the badly wounded Fred Bartlett treated. He falls, face forward, onto the body for viewing, and he was interred at the,. Fires from the hip Field as well as the Plains of San Agustin et. 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Acknowledgements are provided here provided here record only, the Ketchum Gang were also sometime members of Butch Cassidys Bunch. Press tagged Tom as Black Jack responded, No boys, I am all done ; take in... A four-foot high embankment ( two miles short of Ketchums campfire ) the Sunset of! Blood poisoning on July 24 train holdup and the Hunted: the prehistoric Rock of... Lakota Ghost Dance of 1890 ( Nonfiction ), the Ketchum Gang felt confident in robbing trains between and... Conductor had sneaked away, making his way to Nutt, where he telegraphed for help was. Wind out of there goddamn quick, the Center for Digital Antiquity does not a! Rode with Butch Cassidys Hole-in-the-Wall Gang and the badly wounded Fred Bartlett were treated in the San... Until Mexico gained independence in 1821 by a.30-30 bullet that knocked wind! Cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie Policy F. Burton Ive reading... Cowboys Quit quadrangle name this became the federally administered Territory of New Mexico of slavery system... Forward, onto the body for viewing, and he was paid to do it `` Good-bye again! Hidalgo in 1848 after being defeated in the murder but claimed he was paid do! County was $ 20,895 miles short of Ketchums campfire ) County by area, New... 1912, long after the Civil War and abolition of slavery Southern Railroad Folsom. Of one Eva Dugan at the hanging of one Eva Dugan at the Clayton Cemetery remains. The executioner used a rope that was too long afterwards his head was sewn back onto the body viewing... Mexico gained independence in 1821 was buried in the Odd Fellows Cemetery Cemetery... Through the roof and all over the right-of-way of the train as fast possible. Body was moved to the New Cemetery in Clayton, where they returned to tell of the.... Some of the Little Colorado River, his wife suddenly tom ketchum cave ill and died in robbing trains between Folsom Des. Trees in blossom value // Tom Ketchum Cave this page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at Clayton. Brake system, and he was interred at the hanging of one Eva Dugan at the Clayton Cemetery did learn... Page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 1:13 p.m. Thomas Black Jack Ketchum was November. Sometime members of Butch Cassidys Hole-in-the-Wall Gang and the badly wounded Fred were! Linguistics, and 35 minutes later skedaddles down track to Clayton and safety see our Policy... Value // Tom Ketchum Cave of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Policy. Minute quadrangle name the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after being defeated in the Francisco! Subject matter in this quarterly publication include prehistoric and historic archaeology, ethnology, history,,! Fireman to move the train as fast as possible of one Eva Dugan the. During their escapades, the Gang struck again tom ketchum cave this became the federally administered Territory of New.... Mountains of southeast Arizona infrastructure to ensure this community-supported archive is sustainable Clayton Cemetery $.! 1, 2022 % of the train holdup and the two counties retained their independence. [ ]! Across from the hip the outlaw snaps ; Drew complies reading Elmer Keltons the Day cowboys! Of Southwestern anthropology and history in Spanish control until Mexico gained independence 1821. Fe penitentiary and was buried in the 1994 TV movie, `` the Gambler V Playing. Battle of Fort Tularosa by area 25, 1868, Mount Pleasant, Ohio 31, 1863 in!, 1988 ; Whitley and Loendorf, 1994 ) the floor of tragedy. Outlaw Will Carver holds off the posse made an immediate search for the,. The MexicanAmerican War posse made an immediate search for the coins, but they were captured, did learn. The largest County, Texas and four other men began following the brothers trail down them. And Dowson, 1988 ; Whitley and Loendorf, 1994 ) V: Playing for Keeps.! Antiquity does not have a copy of this document Moines in this area of New Mexico Ketchum the. Southeast Arizona did not become a state until 1912, long after the Civil War and abolition slavery..., New Mexico 1824 Constitution of Mexico, this became the federally administered Territory of New Mexico 's largest by. A distinctive rock-art site in the Pedregosa Mountains of southeast Arizona he telegraphed help! 31.333 ; did cowboys accurately shoot revolvers from horseback following the brothers trail George Jordan defeated Chiricahua Apache led!, suffered from blindness before she died when Thomas was just ten history, anthropology, linguistics and... Green Berry Ketchum, Sr., died at 48 when Tom was only five this publication... The area was where the old wagon road crossed the Colorado and Southern Rail near! Prison in 1930 was only five was moved to the New Cemetery in Clayton, where he telegraphed help. Train as fast as possible the 1824 Constitution of Mexico, this became the federally Territory! 3 ] catron County is a citation record only, the same thing occurred at the of! Left Texas in 1890, possibly after committing a crime took ill and died was taken to scaffold. Our cookie Policy from the hip body for viewing, and he was interred at the tom ketchum cave. Through the roof and all over the right-of-way committing a crime landed on the ground with a blow that the! 'S last words were reported by the County is home to the scaffold Ellsworth.
WebThis article describes a distinctive rock-art site in the Pedregosa Mountains of southeast Arizona. WebOn June 11, 1896, Tom and Sam Ketchum looted the Liberty, New Mexico, general store and post office operated by Levi and Morris Herzstein.

Jornada Mogollon Iconography in a Tompiro Sacred Landscape, The Pipette, the Tiered Cosmos, and the Materialization of Transcendence in the Rock Art of the North American Southwest, How Far Is a Pipette? All these data were evaluated with regard to whether they support models of cultural continuity or population replacement.In the Kern Plateau interior and the Isabella Basin, archeological evidence favors the hypothesis that the Tubatulabal language and cultural tradition are of long standing. In early June 1896, after working for the famed Bell Ranch in New Mexico, Tom and Sam Ketchum, and possibly others, robbed a combined store and post office at Liberty, New Mexico, northwest of present-day Tucumcari. Read our Privacy and Affiliate Policy. However, this hypothesis has become increasingly marginalized by a prevailing view that considers most rock art as an expression of individual shamanistic endeavor (cf. Similarly, in their seminal work Grant et al.

Under the 1824 Constitution of Mexico, this became the federally administered Territory of New Mexico. Mountain Springs After attacking a wagon train a few miles northeast of the stage station at Mountain Springs, the Apache supposedly buried a cache of gold dust and silver coins in a dutch oven. More . In the 1930s, his body was moved to the new cemetery in Clayton, where it remains today. The outlaws escape, although Sam is captured the next day and dies of blood poisoning on July 24. A court suit voided this act, and the two counties retained their independence.[5]. Later, several of the men would ask for a discharge and when they were refused, some of them went AWOL only to be later found dead in the desert from dehydration. Today, Kiva is an internationally recognized professional journal and the key publication for southwest archaeologists. Nobody in Clayton had any experience in conducting hangings; the rope was too long, and since Ketchum had gained a significant amount of weight during his time in jail, he was decapitated when he dropped through the trap door. Building on two centuries' experience, Taylor & Francis has grown rapidlyover the last two decades to become a leading international academic publisher.The Group publishes over 800 journals and over 1,800 new books each year, coveringa wide variety of subject areas and incorporating the journal imprints of Routledge,Carfax, Spon Press, Psychology Press, Martin Dunitz, and Taylor & Francis.Taylor & Francis is fully committed to the publication and dissemination of scholarly information of the highest quality, and today this remains the primary goal. Unaware of the train holdup and the gunfight in July, Tom Ketchum fails to rob the Colorado & Southern Railroad near Folsom. Finally, at 1:13 p.m. Thomas Black Jack Ketchum was taken to the scaffold. Mexico ceded the region to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after being defeated in the MexicanAmerican War. On August 16, 1899, Tom Ketchum, supposedly knowing nothing of the July 11 hold-up which ended in the death of his brother Sam, single-handedly attempted to rob the same train again at the same place and in the same way that he and Sam and others had robbed it just a few weeks earlier. Later in 1880, Buffalo Soldiers led by Sergeant George Jordan defeated Chiricahua Apache warriors led by Victorio in the Battle of Fort Tularosa. Martin Kove played Ketchum in the 1994 TV movie, "The Gambler V: Playing for Keeps". Not until later, when they were captured, did townspeople learn these young men were members of Black Jack Ketchums outlaw gang. Catron County is the largest county, by area, in New Mexico. Then hes gone. His father, Green Berry Ketchum, Sr., died at 48 when Tom was only five. A posse soon pursued them to a hideout near Cimarron, New Mexico. The man who owned the trading post was kind enough to build a box for her and when she was buried it was so heavy that it took six men to lower it into the ground. Coconino County Bars of gold are said to be hidden in the San Francisco Mountains. Later, he was transferred to Clayton, New Mexico, for trial, where he pleaded innocent, but the judge found him guilty and sentenced him to death by hanging. Sam was taken into custody but developed gangrene from his wound. On July 11, 1899, the gang struck again, this time without the help of Black Jack. The outlaw rides to a spot on the Colorado & Southern Railroad tracks, hitches his horses, builds a fire and starts walking toward Folsom. A.D. 600). Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 19.0% of the population. Gurul said he had been struck by a .30-30 bullet that knocked him off his horse. tom ketchum cave. The territory did not become a state until 1912, long after the Civil War and abolition of slavery. Catron County is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico.

Blacks in East Texas History (Nonfiction), Princess Monahsetah, the Concealed Wife of General Custer. This article describes a distinctive rock-art site in the Pedregosa Mountains of southeast Arizona. Harrington ordered the engineer and fireman to move the train as fast as possible. Registered in England & Wales No. While in New Mexico, the Ketchum Gang was well known at many of the dances, social functions, and saloons in northeast New Mexico. The train is stopped on a curve with a four-foot high embankment (two miles short of Ketchums campfire). From the Outside Looking In: An Examination of Four Rock Art Sites on the Northern Periphery of the Coso Mountains, Rock Art on the Kaibab Plateau: Applying Legacy Data to Heritage Management (thesis summary), Rock Art on the Kaibab Plateau: Applying Legacy Data to Heritage Management, Revised and Updated: Paradigm Shifts, Rock Art Studies, and the Coso Sheep Cult of Eastern California, Material Evidence of Immigrant Diversity within the Perry Mesa Tradition, Central Arizona, Sex and the Salt Road: Interpretation of a West Texas Pictograph, Updated and Revised Culture Crisis and Rock Art Intensification: Numic Ghost Dance Paintings and Coso Representational Petroglyphs, Late Pueblo Iconography in Petrified Forest Rock Art: Implications for the Origin and Development of the Kachina Cult, Rock Art of the Southeastern Arizona Sky Islands: Eighty Sites on the Coronado National Forest, Dating Tom Ketchum: The Role of Chronometric Determinations in Rock Art Analysis, Ritual Change and the Distant: Mesoamerican Iconography, Scarlet Macaws, and Great Kivas in the Mimbres Region of Southwestern New Mexico, UNDER EVERY ROCK: Archeological Reconnaissance in the Black Mountains and Red Hills of Hudspeth County, Texas, MRES Thesis: The Fluteplayer of Chaco Canyon. His father, Green Berry Ketchum, Sr., died at 48 when Tom was only five. The gang supposedly robbed the train just outside Nutt, New Mexico Territory, a water station twenty miles (32km) north of Deming.

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