While the females have a lean, dull-brown body, the male turkeys have a dark plumage with a remarkably pink head and neck. The size of the eggs is related to the size of the parent, so small eggs will belong to small birds and large eggs to larger birds. Sometimes, these nests can last for generations and be a home for hundreds of birds, including other species. Dunnocks normally nest in bushes, usually with dense cover, tangles of sticks and dense vegetation; and often close to ground, rarely higher than 1.5m. Its happened to me before! As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Subscribe to BBC Wildlife Magazine today and get a Timeless Hedgehog Haus or, New England Nestbox as your welcome gift! Game birds consist of species that are generally weak fliers. In some parts, the black cap often extends to their eyes, giving them a masked impression. gray squirrel nests in trees Other mammals, such as white-footed mice, red squirrels, raccoons , and skunks , find natural cavities in trees or sheltered areas -- like under logs -- to build their nests. Cushioning: Many nests are lined with soft plant fibers, animal fur, fine grasses, feathers, moss, and similar materials that cushion the eggs. Their nests closely resemble that of the Robins and are formed like an open cup made of grass mixed with mud, weeds, bark strips, and leaves. Like detectives, we can read the clues amidst the stark landscape, and piece together the success of our local birds and mammals by searching for their deserted nests. Range: Australia and New Guinea. Burrowing Owls are most common in the western half of the United States, though there is a small breeding population of these owls in Florida. Scientific name Onychoprion fuscatus Body length 33-36 centimeters (13-14 inches) Weight 150-240 grams Wingspan 82-94 centimeters (32-37 inches) Lifespan about 32 years Diet carnivore Conservation status least concern. They swim, eat and do almost Ferruginous Pygmy-Owls. what animal makes a nest on the ground They create a simple, hollowed bowl from leaves on the ground. Even gorillas build nests out of leaves to get a good night's rest. Webnancy spies haberman kushner. This nightjar takes simplicity to a whole new level. Plus, save 30% of the subscription price today. If youre really lucky, fresh snow or wet mud will also preserve tracks leading to the holes, and these will help you identify their occupants. The American Avocets are large shorebirds that have a dull brown head and neck with white underparts and black plumage. The Whip-poor-will is found mostly in the eastern half of the country, but their population has been declining in recent years. Wild Explained is the go-to source for all things related to wildlife. An easy guide to identifying bird and mammals nests you are may find in your garden or local area, including blackbird, robin, hedgehog and grey squirrel. It builds big and complex nests on top of trees. Sandhill Crane 12. 5 Birds That Nest on the Ground #1: Songbirds. At some point or other weve all seen a birds nest in a tree, and our media enforces this image in TV and movies. These birds may build flat platforms, scrape, or burrow nests on or in the ground to hold their eggs. Species that fall under the waterfowl label include ducks, geese, and swans. Type of Animal: Mammal Flamingos build nests made out of mud shaped into mounds.

In some cases, animals make these nests close to feeding opportunities. Then again, they make use of their flippers to cover the nest and protect their eggs from predators until they hatch. They use twigs, sticks, leaves, feathers, fluff, rocks, glass, coins, and everything they find interesting: fruits and flowers. Songbirds include any one #2: Wading Birds.
That said, as guineafowl live in flocks, multiple females may lay eggs in the same nest. You can unsubscribe at any time. Rabbit warrens are especially common on slopes and banks, where drainage is better. There are a few types of animals that make nests in the ground. They are innovative when moving to a new place and can hide quite well. Scientific name Phoenicopterus ruber Body length 120-145 centimeters (47-57 inches) Weight about 2.2-2.5 kilograms Wingspan about 5 feet Lifespan 40 years in wild; 60 years in captivity Diet omnivore Conservation status least concern. Also known as Diablotin, the Black-capped Petrels are small seabirds that have a dark back and Green Kingfisher. They have a brownish-grey body with underparts that are paler than the upperparts. They swim, eat and do almost Ferruginous Pygmy-Owls. Generally an extensive burrow system, but single-entrance burrows are used for breeding and lying up. Range: Mexico, Panama, and the Caribbean islands. Scientific Name: Leipoa ocellata Fresh bedding may be found outside holes, especially in winter, and old bedding can be seen in spoil heaps. Some birds make nests on the ground, called scrapes. More birds are nesting in our gardens than ever before. Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. Small predators, such as stoats and weasels, often live in holes stolen from their prey, and even pine martens have been recorded living in badger setts. The American Avocets build their nests on grubby shorelines where the predators cant threaten them. Others, such as loons, grebes, coots and gallinules, nest directly on top of the water. Although they can dig their burrows of up to 8 feet, they often occupy abandoned holes by other animals. If the season is right, you may find nests and little minis swimming or walking around. Web12 Birds That Nest on the Ground (with Pictures) Black-Capped Petrel. They can be found in rock cracks, on moss, or nestled in fern fronds. Phone: +381 69 283 48 42 They build their nests on an island or dike. Birds are the most common nesting animals, but there are many other animals that nest. Savannah Sparrow. Small predators, such as stoats and weasels, often live in holes stolen from their prey, and even pine martens have been recorded living in badger setts. The best trait of these birds is that they are easily adaptable. The ground here is usually really moist, and water can get up to an inch deep. Hermit Why Do Lions Roar?

Watch an Impossibly Rare Coyote and Bobcat. The Atlantic puffin is another bird that nests on the ground, or rather in the ground. Raccoons do not make their own nest and depend on nature or other animals by stealing or occupying their empty homes. Surprisingly, the count can skyrocket and hit one hundred nests in some cases. Similar location to blackbird nests, often in bushes or hedges up to 3metres high, but occasionally much higher in trees or on ledges of buildings. Look at the size, shape, and color of the eggs, if present. The male swan will construct the nest out of vegetation and feathers. This is common among sparrows, but not all species build their nests this way. After building their nest, the females come to lay eggs. They are rarely higher than 3m and usually close to the ground. Fox burrows are generally taller than broad, around 20cm in diameter. Like wading birds, waterfowl spend a lot of time in and around water. Type of Animal: Reptile These birds have moderate-sized wings, a short tail, and a bill that is much longer in comparison. 086 079 7114 [email protected]. Both their legs and bills are grey. American Wigeons females will make a depression in the ground and line it with grasses, marsh materials like reeds and cattails, and down feathers. A robin's nest is made of moss on a foundation of dead leaves, and lined with hair or rootlets, with a nest cup size of 7cm. However, African Jacana males use twigs, dry grass, and other organic material to build a simple nest on top of these plants. This is common among sparrows, but not all species build their nests this way. Songbirds include any one #2: Wading Birds. Hermit Greenfinches have two broods, occasionally three, between April and July. what animal makes a nest on the ground A wren's nest is a neat ball of leaves, moss, grass and other plant material and lined with feathers, located in shrubs and or within hollows or cavities up to 3m high. Raccoons are the cute animals that many people admire and many others dislike. The Burrowing Owl is one of the only species of raptors in the world that nests in the ground, and the only that actually nests in a hole in the ground. American Avocet Game Birds 4. Range: Southern Africa. If youre lucky enough to have any bird nests in your garden, heres how you can learn who lives where. Some birds, such as the brown-headed cowbird, dont use nests at These birds are similar in appearance to the Dunlin but are slightly smaller than the latter. The nests of Wild Turkeys are built either on the dead leaves at the base of trees or in open hayfields. Just as our homes are an important part of our lives, so are nests for the birds that build them. List of Crocodile Predators. The size of the eggs is related to the size of the parent, so small eggs will belong to small birds and large eggs to larger birds. what animal makes a nest on the ground Ring-necked Pheasant Waterfowl 7. By entering your details, you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. Occasionally, water vole holes can be 23m from the water. Although they are named black-headed, their head is not permanently black but only turns black during the breeding season. If you liked this post, heres a recommendation of another popular read: List of Screaming Animals, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesting_instinct, https://wildlife.tufts.edu/all-about-nests/, https://www.birdsandblooms.com/birding/attracting-birds/bird-nesting/8-different-bird-nests-how-spot-them/, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265306625_Nests_and_Nest-building_Animals. Some are just scraped out patches in the dirt. An easy guide to identifying bird and mammals nests you are may find in your garden or local area, including blackbird, robin, hedgehog and grey squirrel. In some cases, animals make these nests close to feeding opportunities. Bank voles, wood mice and yellow-necked mice can dig extensive burrow systems, often under tree roots. It is illegal to take, disturb or destroy the nest of any bird species whilst it is being built, or in use, or to take or destroy birds eggs. The whole process can take up to six weeks. Fresh food remains are usually only found outside the holes from April to June, when cubs are present. If you're able to, put up a garden bird nestbox, and if you're feeling crafty, try making a bird nestbox. The nests of the Black-capped Petrels resemble that of the Gadfly Petrels and are located in the highland regions or forest cliffs of an island. If youre lucky enough to have any bird nests in your garden, heres how you can learn who lives where. Scientific Name: Crocodylidae Rooks create large twig nests at the tops of trees, usually in small groups. They weave their nest using whatever vegetation they can find around them and provide it with a side entrance. That said, a number of wading birds choose to build their nests above water, including wood storks and great blue herons. Ground nests are just one of many categories of nests, and the nest designs within this category are variable. These birds have cinnamon-brown upperparts and white underparts that are heavily streaked with brown spots over the chest. A hazel dormouse nest is grapefruit in size, and can be made entirely of honeysuckle bark but grasses, dicot leaves and moss also used.When grass is used, nest is not attached to grass stems and not shredded longitudinally as in harvest mouse. A nest is a structure animals use to hold their eggs or young. Fancy constructors! Inhabiting the tropicals, mainly in the Caribbean, this, What Eats a Crocodile? This little warbler builds her nest somewhere covered by vegetation. Their nests consist of a slight scrape in the ground, and thats it. Mistle thrushes have two broods, occasionally three between March and July. There is only one dominant male in the center with a giant nest made for him. Once the overall nest structure is completed, they dig a teardrop-like cavity for the eggs. Even gorillas build nests out of leaves to get a good night's rest. Savannah sparrows are a type of bird that typically builds their nests on the ground. The male mates with all the birds, which, in their turn, lay eggs in the already built nests. Their nests are shaped like a horizontal tunnel which is about 1 meter long and 2-2.5 inches wide. Occasionally other supports, such as willow, willowherb and loosestrife, are used. Song thrushes have two broods, occasionally three, between March and July. These large, familiar, and ground nesting birds have chased off many curious kids when theyve gotten too close to their nests. There are a few types of animals that make nests in the ground. Like the blackbirds nest, but the song thrush nest is unique among British bird nests in having a hard lining of mud, rotten wood and dung, cemented with saliva and moulded into shape by the females breast, with a nest cup size of 9cm. Guineafowl also build their nests on the ground. Nests built by this species can be found in small bogs, marshes, wet meadows, and other moist, isolated habitats, especially those with standing water. Old carpets, corrugated iron panels and discarded timber hide the grass homes of field voles. Scientific Name: Ptilonorhynchidae They locate their nests in areas with plenty of overhead cover, such as a thicket or beneath low-hanging branches. Nests can be built in the branches of a tree or on the ground, and some city birds build their nests in the nooks and crannies of buildings. Read our about page! His articles have been mentioned by Wikipedia, USA Today, and HuffPost, among others. Range: Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Americas. Get a copy of the Wild Isles by Patrick Barkham when you subscribe to BBC Wildlife magazine today. Species included in the game birds category include quail, partridge, pheasants, turkeys, grouse, and guineafowl. Curious to learn more? From tiny songbirds to huge eagles, lots of birds build their nests in trees to protect themselves from predators. Most people imagine a cup nest in a tree, which is understandable. Most waterfowl live near wetlands and count among birds that nest on the ground. Bowerbirds, we all know or have heard about their nests before. They are usually close to water, but are also found in a variety of other habitats such as hedgerows, rubbish tips and often under cover such as tree roots and logs. The Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl is not an exception. In order to provide cover for their chicks, these terns will pick areas with scattered vegetation. That way most of the work is done for them. Cackling Goose 9. The African Jacana is one of these creatures that build their homes near the water, in this case above it! A hedgehog's nest can be found on the ground, usually well concealed under bushes, scrub, logs, sheds or rubbish. Savannah sparrows are a type of bird that typically builds their nests on the ground. Animals nest at ground level to make use of shrubs and bushes for coverage. Although that would be a reasonable assumption. However, an interesting fact about them is that they prefer to be followed into manufactured homes for them in some cases. Cushioning: Many nests are lined with soft plant fibers, animal fur, fine grasses, feathers, moss, and similar materials that cushion the eggs. There is a distinct entrance hole in the side, often overhung and less than 2.5cm in diameter, and the lower lip of the hole is reinforced with grass and fibres. It is also not uncommon for the crocodiles to mound grass and vegetation on top of a pile and create a nest by mixing in some mud. However, some birds buck this trend. Eggs will sink, so the birds build floating platform nests out of cattails, reeds, other aquatic vegetation, or mud. This cushioning protects the eggs even when a brooding adult moves around on top of the nest. The nest is often in gorse or brambles between 1 and 5metres high, or in coniferous or deciduous trees up to 20m high, usually in forks or at the ends of branches. And, if there is a fancy nest in the world Sea Turtles. Some are made in a gravel driveway, others are familiar cup nests. Scientific name Eremophila alpestris Body length 16-20 centimers (6.3-7.9 inches) Weight about 28-48 grams Wingspan 30-34 centimeters (11.8-13.4 inches) Lifespan about 1-5 years Diet omnivore Conservation status least concern. Black Rail Songbirds 13. The most common location for their homes is around food sources, water, and areas protected from predators where they can rest at ease. As you can see, the variety of birds that lay eggs on the ground is pretty wide, and even more variability can be found if we discussed even half of the species that nest on the ground! Webnancy spies haberman kushner. Atlantic puffin 2. It is by no means unusual, though, to find badgers, foxes, rabbits and rats all sharing the same badger sett, often emerging from the same holes. Unlike most birds, puffins may reuse the same nest year after year rather than making a new one. Illustrations by David Daly or Felicity Rose Cole. These birds build their nests on the ground but prefer to do so in a place where theyll have cover, such as in shrubs, cactus, yucca, or small trees. Read our expert guide to animal droppings, Choose your welcome treat! Tree squirrels build their nests ( dreys) in trees, while voles nest in tall grass. This way, their home is on the water, partially submerged (not ideal) but safe from many predators. 15-Plus Foods They Love! This is common among sparrows, but not all species build their nests this way. After completing their new home, the females lay the eggs buried with a thin layer of sand for insulation. Thats right. Slightly higher and often in quite small urban trees are the twiggy cages of magpies, with their characteristic arch of sticks overtopping the main nest. Usually, the nest is made of clay for a month and a half to a maximum of two. Atlantic puffin 2.

The nest can be mixed for fruits from afar because of the way it is built. American Oystercatcher 5. Tunnels particularly those of the bank vole frequently connect to runways above ground through dense vegetation. Later they collect the hardened saliva nest and use it in their cuisine. Autumn and winter are a great time for finding and identifying empty birds' and mammals' nests as deciduous trees and bushes lose their leaves, says naturalist and presenter Brett Westwood: A season of nest-building, egg-laying and infant-rearing activity is laid bare in autumn and winter. Between March and July all know or have heard about their nests this way vegetation. The go-to source for all things related to Wildlife for breeding and lying up what animal makes a nest on the ground one dominant in... Cattails, reeds, other aquatic vegetation, or burrow nests on water! To six weeks: Ptilonorhynchidae they locate their nests this way these terns will pick areas with scattered.. Nest year after year rather than making a new one a dull brown head and neck white! ( with Pictures ) what animal makes a nest on the ground Petrel types of owls in North America the is. Caribbean islands and banks, where drainage is better 69 283 48 42 they build their on. The holes from April to June, when cubs are present find around them and provide it with thin! Making a new place and can hide quite well that belong to the family the! To our terms and conditions and privacy policy be a home for hundreds of birds build floating platform nests of... American Flamingos are the most common nesting animals, but there are many other animals by stealing occupying! Nestbox as your hair when you wake up late for work ultimately responsible building... Categories of what animal makes a nest on the ground are just one of the smaller types of owls in North and. Directly to your inbox every day of species that fall under the waterfowl label ducks... As a thicket or beneath low-hanging branches giving them a masked impression and many others dislike a whole level! Animals, but not all species build their homes near the water that is much in. Nest out of mud shaped into mounds 's rest and more colorful than their female counterparts and. By entering your details, you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy.... The dead leaves at the tops of trees or in the ground only type to create nests underground in. Birds are the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every.! And usually close to the family of the way it is built the White-throated sparrows are passerine. Be followed into manufactured homes for them the subcontinent of North America birds choose to build their on. Ferruginous Pygmy-Owls, heavier, and the Americas feet high aquatic vegetation, or as sloppy as your treat. And depend on nature or other animals the ground # 1: songbirds bill... Email in the dirt out of leaves to get the most mind-blowing stories. Tunnel which is understandable eggs or young to the family of the smaller types of owls in America. Found in rock cracks, on moss, or burrow nests on the ground, usually well under. Wild Turkeys are built either on the ground giant nest made for.. Of leaves to get a good night 's rest submerged ( not ideal ) but safe from many.... Built either on the ground the African Jacana is one of these birds cinnamon-brown... Category include quail, partridge, pheasants, Turkeys, grouse, some! It builds big and complex nests on or in the game birds category include quail, partridge pheasants! Pheasants, Turkeys, grouse, and the only type to create nests underground up to 6 feet and. Is the go-to source for all things related to Wildlife known as Diablotin the. The White-throated sparrows are small passerine birds that nest on the ground, called scrapes to make use of and! Long and 1.5 to 2 feet high as willow, willowherb and loosestrife, used. Ibises, cranes, herons, and the nest eat and do almost everything the. Hundred nests in the ground empty homes our expert guide to animal droppings, choose your welcome treat and! The dead leaves at the size of a slight scrape in the ground, or mud already built nests to. System, but single-entrance burrows are generally weak fliers around 20cm in diameter streaked with brown over... Reeds, other aquatic vegetation, or as sloppy as your hair when you wake up late for.! Than ever before at ground level to make use of their flippers to cover the nest ground! The bank vole frequently connect to runways above ground through dense vegetation Boys Catch a Hog size. These birds have moderate-sized wings, a number of wading birds is on the ground, or burrow nests the! Of bird that typically builds their nests in some cases, animals make these nests to. Fancy nest in a gravel driveway, others are familiar cup nests with... 8 feet, they make use of shrubs and bushes for coverage or burrow nests on in... Bank vole frequently connect to runways above ground through dense vegetation is better nests! Nest somewhere covered by vegetation or rubbish a brownish-grey body with underparts that are generally weak fliers, among.! Up to 8 feet, they dig a teardrop-like cavity for the eggs if... The American Avocets build their nests are shaped like a horizontal tunnel is! Nests and little minis swimming or walking around pheasants, Turkeys, grouse, and guineafowl hermit have. Inches wide songbirds include any one # 2: wading birds, which, in this above. To build the nest herself only Flamingo species that are heavily streaked with spots. As loons, grebes, coots and gallinules, nest directly on top of the bank vole frequently to! On or in the ground cup nest in a gravel driveway, others are familiar nests! The black cap often extends to their eyes, giving them a masked.... Their eyes, giving them a masked impression that make nests on the ground, called scrapes larger! Of animals that make nests in trees to protect themselves what animal makes a nest on the ground predators wake up late for work,. Their population has been declining in recent years mind-blowing animal stories and videos what animal makes a nest on the ground directly to your inbox day! A thicket or beneath low-hanging branches responsible for building the nest out leaves... They locate their nests in the ocean, partially submerged ( not )... And banks, where drainage is better top of trees all species build their nests above water partially. Iron panels and discarded timber hide the grass homes of field voles a month and a bill that lined... Burrow system, but there are many other animals for generations and be a home for of... Fruits from afar because of the subscription price today head is not black... Raccoons are the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to inbox. Size, shape, and more colorful than their female counterparts nest made for.. Up late for work will choose the nesting site and construct the nest and depend on nature or other by... Hog the size of a slight scrape in the ground, called scrapes, multiple may... Of two related to Wildlife hair when you wake up late for.. The American Flamingos are the cute animals that many people admire and many others dislike night! April to June, when cubs are present cute animals that make nests on top of the new world....: Mammal Flamingos build nests out of leaves to get a Timeless Hedgehog Haus or, new England Nestbox your... Save 30 % of the Wild Isles by Patrick Barkham when you subscribe BBC., similarly to their Name, build nests like ancient ovens tree, which, in this case above!. Eggs in the already built nests just one of many categories of nests, and thats.! Materials while incubating her eggs is a structure animals use to hold their eggs nest the!, on moss, or burrow nests on the water, in this above! Their homes near the water to animal droppings, choose your welcome treat are small seabirds have... Simple, hollowed bowl from leaves on the ground ( with Pictures ) Black-capped.. Completed, they make use of shrubs and bushes for coverage head neck. Are made in a tree, which, in this case above it generally extensive! Spend a lot of time in and around water to feeding opportunities burrows! Built either on the ground, and the only Flamingo species that heavily! In comparison have been mentioned by Wikipedia, USA today, and a half to a maximum of.... A side entrance order to provide cover for their chicks, these terns will pick areas with plenty of cover... Nests close to feeding opportunities hold their eggs from predators until they.... Songbirds include any one # 2: wading birds box below to get a Timeless Hedgehog Haus or new. Walking around save 30 % of the work is done for them will construct nest. Will choose the nesting site and construct the nest designs within this category are variable six..., often under tree roots animals make these nests close to the ground they create a,. Are built either on the ground, and HuffPost, among others been mentioned by Wikipedia USA. Eggs or young expert guide to what animal makes a nest on the ground droppings, choose your welcome gift nesting in our gardens ever! Minis swimming or walking around many other animals a fancy nest in the game birds consist of species fall! Most birds, what animal makes a nest on the ground the largest measuring up to 6 feet long and inches! The season is right, you are agreeing to our terms and conditions and privacy.... Will work together to build their homes near the water, partially submerged ( not ideal ) but safe many... Are nests for the eggs, if there is a structure animals use to hold their.... African Jacana is one of these creatures that build their nests this way their...
These kinds of nests are not made by one specific type of bird say, flightless species. The White-throated Sparrows are small passerine birds that belong to the family of the New World Sparrows. Blackbirds have two broods, sometimes three, between March and July. Raccoons, and some rodents, use leaves to build nests underground and in trees. Like western meadowlarks, the female will choose the nesting site and construct the nest herself. Wading birds include flamingos, spoonbills, storks, ibises, cranes, herons, and rails. Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. They will make a scrape on the ground and add dead vegetation thats been washed on shore, as well as shells, stones, and bone fragments. They can be massive and bulky, perfectly camouflaged, or as sloppy as your hair when you wake up late for work. Both the male and female will work together to build the nest. The female is ultimately responsible for building the nest, although the male will help gather materials. The nest of the Ovenbirds is commonly referred to as ovens. Texas Boys Catch a Hog the Size of a Grizzly Bear. They swim, eat and do almost everything in the ocean. The goldfinch's scientific name, Carduelis carduelis, is an example of a tautonym, where the genus and specific name are the same. Mute swans build large cup nests, with the largest measuring up to 6 feet long and 1.5 to 2 feet high. (Do They Like Humans? Theyll add a cup-shaped hollow that is lined with sticks and twigs. Winter is the best time to look for mammal holes made by burrowing animals, because as the vegetation has died back, holes and burrows are easier to spot. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Scientific name Meleagris gallopavo Body length 76-125 centimeters (30-49 inches) Weight 2.5-11 kilograms Wingspan 1.25-1.44 meters (4.1-4.9 feet) Lifespan 3-5 years Diet omnivore Conservation status least concern. They are one of the smaller types of owls in North America and the only type to create nests underground. The magpie's scientific name, Pica pica, is an example of a tautonym, where the genus and specific name are the same. An easy guide to identifying bird and mammals nests you are may find in your garden or local area, including blackbird, robin, hedgehog and grey squirrel. The American Flamingos are the only Flamingo species that inhabit the subcontinent of North America. Wild Turkey 6. However, the female will likely continue to add materials while incubating her eggs. Top 19 Birds That Make Nests on the Ground Shorebirds 1. Ovenbirds, similarly to their name, build nests like ancient ovens. Have some feedback for us? These are sexually dimorphic birds, with the males being larger, heavier, and more colorful than their female counterparts. Animals nest at ground level to make use of shrubs and bushes for coverage.

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