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1976:Apr.-June", "Chiefs of State and Cabinet members of foreign governments / National Foreign Assessment Center. Still at the Supreme Court, the Head of State appointed Chief Justice Epuli Mathias, the first ever person from the English-speaking regions of Cameroon to the post of President of the Judicial Bench of the court, and he was commissioned into his duties on August 30, 2017. Among its functions, the Supreme Court passes judgment on appeals concerning administrative actions of the government and decisions of the Courts of Appeal and the lower courts. This follows disturbances caused by overcrowding of prisons and long stays in detention without charges of prisons. Practice of national integration, unity and multiculturalism ) is the Department responsible administering. He served as president for a single term between 1909-1913; and served as Chief Justice on the Supreme Court between 1921 and 1930. They may also petition the National Committee on Human Rights and Freedoms established in 1990. WebThe Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court of Canada.It was established by the Parliament of Canada through the Supreme and Exchequer Court Act of 1875. WebPresident Paul Biya has ruled Cameroon since 1982. Thanks to the retirement of Republican Justice Patience Roggensack, the GOPs slim 4-3 advantage was on the line in this highly-watched contest. Cameroon became a de facto one-party state in 1966 and was dominated by the Cameroon National Union, a union of six political parties; it was renamed the Cameroon Peoples Democratic Movement in 1985. 03:04 - Source: CNN. International migration has been driven by unemployment (including fewer government jobs), poverty, the search for educational opportunities, and corruption. ), conventional long form: Republic of Cameroonconventional short form: Cameroonlocal long form: Republique du Cameroun (French)/Republic of Cameroon (English)local short form: Cameroun/Cameroonformer: Kamerun, French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroonetymology: in the 15th century, Portuguese explorers named the area near the mouth of the Wouri River the Rio dos Camaroes (River of Prawns) after the abundant shrimp in the water; over time the designation became Cameroon in English; this is the only instance where a country is named after a crustacean, name: Yaoundegeographic coordinates: 3 52 N, 11 31 Etime difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)etymology: founded as a German colonial settlement ofJaunde in 1888 and named after the local Yaunde (Ewondo) people, 10 regions (regions, singular - region); Adamaoua, Centre, East (Est), Far North (Extreme-Nord), Littoral, North (Nord), North-West (Nord-Ouest), West (Ouest), South (Sud), South-West (Sud-Ouest), 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship), State Unification Day (National Day), 20 May (1972), history: several previous; latest effective 18 January 1996amendments: proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; amendment drafts require approval of at least one third of the membership in either house of Parliament; passage requires absolute majority vote of the Parliament membership; passage of drafts requested by the president for a second reading in Parliament requires two-thirds majority vote of its membership; the president can opt to submit drafts to a referendum, in which case passage requires a simple majority; constitutional articles on Cameroons unity and territorial integrity and its democratic principles cannot be amended; amended 2008, mixed legal system of English common law, French civil law, and customary law, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; non-party state to the ICCt, citizenship by birth: nocitizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cameroondual citizenship recognized: noresidency requirement for naturalization: 5 years, chief of state: President Paul BIYA (since 6 November 1982)head of government: Prime Minister Joseph Dion NGUTE (since 4 January 2019); Deputy Prime Minister Amadou ALI (since 2014)cabinet: Cabinet proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the presidentelections/appointments: president directly elected by simple majority popular vote for a 7-year term (no term limits); election last held on 7 October 2018 (next to be held in October 2025); prime minister appointed by the presidentelection results: Paul BIYA reelected president; percent of vote - Paul BIYA (CPDM) 71.3%, Maurice KAMTO (MRC) 14.2%, Cabral LIBII (Univers) 6.3%, other 8.2% (2018), description: bicameral Parliament or Parlement consists of:Senate or Senat (100 seats; 70 members indirectly elected by regional councils and 30 appointed by the president; members serve 5-year terms)National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (180 seats; members directly elected in multi-seat constituencies by simple majority vote to serve 5-year terms)elections: Senate - last held on 25 March 2018 (next to be held in 2023)National Assembly - last held on 9 February 2020 (current term extended by president); note - the Constitutional Court has ordered a partial rerun of elections in the English speaking areas; date to be determinedelection results: Senate - percent of vote by party - CDPM 81.1%, SDF 8.6%, UNDP 5.8%, UDC 1.16%, other 2.8%; seats by party - CPDM 63, SDF 7; composition as of March 2022 - men 74, women 26, percent of women 26%National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPDM 139, UNDP 7, SDF 5, PCRN 5, UDC 4, FSNC 3, MDR 2, Union of Socialist Movements 2; 13 vacant; composition as of March 2022 - men 119, women 61, percent of women 33.9%; note - total Parliament percent of women 31.1%, highest court(s): Supreme Court of Cameroon (consists of 9 titular and 6 surrogate judges and organized into judicial, administrative, and audit chambers); Constitutional Council (consists of 11 members)judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president with the advice of the Higher Judicial Council of Cameroon, a body chaired by the president and includes the minister of justice, selected magistrates, and representatives of the National Assembly; judge term NA; Constitutional Council members appointed by the president for single 9-year termssubordinate courts: Parliamentary Court of Justice (jurisdiction limited to cases involving the president and prime minister); appellate and first instance courts; circuit and magistrates' courts, Alliance for Democracy and Development [Marcel YONDO]Cameroon People's Democratic Movement or CPDM [Paul BIYA]Cameroon People's Party or CPP [Edith Kah WALLA]Cameroon Renaissance Movement or MRC [Maurice KAMTO]Cameroonian Democratic Union or UDC [Adamou Ndam NJOYA]Cameroonian Party for National Reconciliation or PCRN [Cabral LIBII]Front for the National Salvation of Cameroon or FSNC [Issa Tchiroma BAKARY]Movement for the Defense of the Republic or MDR [Dakole DAISSALA]Movement for the Liberation and Development of Cameroon or MLDC [Marcel YONDO]National Union for Democracy and Progress or UNDP [Maigari BELLO BOUBA]Progressive Movement or MP [Jean-Jacques EKINDI]Social Democratic Front or SDF [John FRU NDI]Union of Peoples of Cameroon or UPC [Provisionary Management Bureau] [Cecil ODHIAMBO]Union of Socialist Movements, ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, C, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC, MIGA, MNJTF, MONUSCO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, chief of mission: Ambassador Henri ETOUNDI ESSOMBA (since 27 June 2016)chancery: 2349 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008telephone: [1] (202) 265-8790FAX: [1] (202) 387-3826email address and website: cs@cameroonembassyusa.orghttps://www.cameroonembassyusa.org/mainFolder/index.html, chief of mission: Ambassador Christopher J. LAMORA (since 21 March 2022)embassy: Avenue Rosa Parks, Yaoundmailing address: 2520 Yaounde Place, Washington, DC 20521-2520telephone: [237] 22251-4000/[237] 22220-1500FAX: [237] 22220-1500, Ext. Paul Biya (born Paul Barthlemy Biya'a bi Mvondo; 13 February 1933) is a Cameroonian politician who has served as the president of Cameroon since 6 However, on 12 July 2005 the National Assembly (Assembl Nationale) approved a law to harmonize the country's criminal procedure code. ), information varies; approximately 35-40,000 active-duty troops; (20-25,000 ground forces, including the Rapid Intervention Battalion/BIR and Presidential Guard; 2,000 Navy; 1,000 Air Force; 12,000 Gendarmerie) (2022)note:the BIR has approximately 5,000 personnel, the FAC inventory includes a wide mix of mostly older or second-hand Chinese, Russian, and Western equipment, with a limited quantity of more modern weapons received in recent years from such countries as China, France, and Russia (2022), 18-23 years of age for male and female voluntary military service; no conscription; high school graduation required; service obligation 4 years (2023), 750 (plus about 350 police) Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (May 2022)note: Cameroon has committed approximately 2,000-2,500 troops to the Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) against Boko Haram and other terrorist groups operating in the general area of the Lake Chad Basin and along Nigeria's northeast border; national MNJTF troop contingents are deployed within their own country territories, although crossborder operations occur occasionally, the FAC is a professional and politically independent military; the Army and the Rapid Intervention Battalion (BIR) are well-organized and mobile; the Army has 4 motorized infantry brigades spread amongst 5 military regions; the US-trained, 5,000-man BIR has up to 9 battalions, detachments, or groups consisting of airborne, air mobile, amphibious, light, and motorized infantry, armored reconnaissance, counterterrorism, and support units, such as artillery and intelligence; the BIR reportedly receives better training, equipment, and pay than regular Army unitsthe ground forces are largely focused on internal security, particularly the threat from the terrorist group Boko Haram along its frontiers with Nigeria and Chad (Far North region) and an insurgency from armed Anglophone separatist groups in the North-West and South-West regions (as of 2023, this conflict had left more than 3,500 civilians dead and over 500,000 people displaced since fighting started in 2016); in addition, the FAC often deploys ground units to the border region with the Central African Republic to counter intrusions from armed militias and bandits; the Navys missions include protecting Cameroons oil installations, combatting crime and piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, and patrolling the countrys lakes and rivers; the Air Force supports both the ground and naval forces and has small numbers of light ground attack and reconnaissance aircraft, as well as attack, multipurpose, and transport helicopters (2023), the International Maritime Bureau reports the territorial and offshore waters in the Niger Delta and Gulf of Guinea remain a very high risk for piracy and armed robbery of ships; in 2021, there were 34 reported incidents of piracy and armed robbery at sea in the Gulf of Guinea region; although a significant decrease from the total number of 81 incidents in 2020, it included the one hijacking and three of five ships fired upon worldwide; while boarding and attempted boarding to steal valuables from ships and crews are the most common types of incidents, almost a third of all incidents involve a hijacking and/or kidnapping; in 2021, 57 crew members were kidnapped in seven separate incidents in the Gulf of Guinea, representing 100% of maritime kidnappings worldwide; Nigerian pirates in particular are well armed and very aggressive, operating as far as 200 nm offshore; the Maritime Administration of the US Department of Transportation has issued a Maritime Advisory (2022-001 - Gulf of Guinea-Piracy/Armed Robbery/Kidnapping for Ransom) effective 4 January 2022, which states in part, "Piracy, armed robbery, and kidnapping for ransom continue to serve as significant threats to US-flagged vessels transiting or operating in the Gulf of Guinea", Boko Haram; Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham West Africanote: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in Appendix-T, Joint Border Commission with Nigeria reviewed 2002 ICJ ruling on the entire boundary and bilaterally resolved differences, including June 2006 Greentree Agreement that immediately ceded sovereignty of the Bakassi Peninsula to Cameroon with a full phase-out of Nigerian control and patriation of residents in 2008; Cameroon and Nigeria agreed on maritime delimitation in March 2008; sovereignty dispute between Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon over an island at the mouth of the Ntem River; only Nigeria and Cameroon have heeded the Lake Chad Commission's admonition to ratify the delimitation treaty, which also includes the Chad-Niger and Niger-Nigeria boundaries, refugees (country of origin): 347,593 (Central African Republic), 126,151 (Nigeria) (2023)IDPs: 1.01 million (2023) (includes far north, northwest, and southwest), tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List Cameroon does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so; authorities prosecuted and convicted more alleged traffickers; the government extended the 2020-2021 national action plan for an additional two years and conducted trafficking awareness activities; however, the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to improve anti-trafficking capacity; officials investigated fewer trafficking cases and identified fewer victims, and did not investigate allegations of security forces involvement in sexual exploitation of women; officials prosecuted and convicted fewer traffickers; standard operating procedures for the identification and referral of trafficking victims were not widely disseminated; the government did not pass draft anti-trafficking legislation pending since 2012 to address victim and witness protection in conformity with international law; nonetheless, because the government devoted sufficient efforts to meet the minimum standards, Cameroon was granted a waiver per the TVPA from a downgrade to Tier 3, therefore Cameroon remained on Tier 2 Watch List for a third consecutive year (2022)trafficking profile: human traffickers exploit domestic and foreign victims in Cameroon, and traffickers exploit victims from Cameroon abroad; deteriorating economic and education conditions and diminished police and judicial presence caused by conflict in the Northwest and Southwest has left displaced persons vulnerable to trafficking; parents may be lured by promises of education or a better life for their children in urban areas, and then the children are subject to forced labor and sex trafficking; teenagers and adolescents may be lured to cities with promises of employment and then become victims of forced labor and sex trafficking; children from neighboring countries are forced to work in spare parts shops or cattle grazing by business owners and herders; Cameroonians, often from rural areas, are exploited in forced labor and sex trafficking in the Middle East, Europe, the United States, and African countries (2022), total population growth rate v. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030, Children under the age of 5 years underweight, School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education), International law organization participation, https://www.cameroonembassyusa.org/mainFolder/index.html, Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income, Household income or consumption by percentage share, Civil aircraft registration country code prefix, Military and security service personnel strengths, Military equipment inventories and acquisitions, Refugees and internally displaced persons, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).

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Drew Angerer/Getty Images hide caption In January 2017 Trump made good on his promise to place conservative justices on the Supreme Court by nominating Neil Gorsuch, a judge of the Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, to fill the seat that had become vacant with the death in February 2016 of Antonin Scalia. )-$1.512 billion (2020 est. The comments came after Merchan decided against imposing a gag order on the WebNow Judge Juan Manuel Merchan is poised to take the historic hush-money prosecution of Mr Trump himself. )nuclear: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. The Supreme Court is located in Yaound as is the Cameroon High Court of Justice consisting of nine titular judges and six surrogate judges and The Constitutional Council of Cameroon, consisting of eleven Judges with three nominated by the President of Cameroon, thre [6] The audit bench takes cases relating to public accounts of public and semi-private entities. Submitting this form below will send a message to your email with a link to change your password. Conservative justices currently hold a 4-3 majority on the states Supreme Court, but that majority could be lost with conservative Justice Patience Roggensack The legal system of Cameroon consists of the Supreme Court, Courts of Appeal, and tribunals. Among its functions, the Supreme Court passes judgment on appeals concerning administrative actions of the government and decisions of the Courts of Appeal and the lower courts. This article relating to the law of Africa or of an African country is a stub. Donald Trump surrendered to authorities on Tuesday to appear 2006 - 2017 St. Matthew's Baptist Church - All Rights Reserved. Congress sets by law the number of representatives (although it hasn't changed since 1911), and every state has two seats in the senate. The Supreme Court (French Cour Suprme) is the highest judicial body in Cameroon. He was appointed at a time when an autonomous Common Law Bench had been created at the Supreme Court. He married Jane Marie Sullivan in 1996 and they Conservative justices currently hold a 4-3 majority on the states Supreme Court, but that majority could be lost with conservative Justice Patience Roggensack coming to the end of her 10-year term, retiring at the age of 82. The senior lawyer was immediately shifted to the Lady Reading Hospital here, but he was pronounced dead on arrival, hospital spokesperson Muhammad Asim said. ), 7.105 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. )municipal solid waste recycled annually: 13,082 tons (2009 est. )555.446 (2018 est. ), severe localized food insecurity: due to civil insecurity, high food prices, and floods -according to a November 2022 analysis (the latest available), about 3.6 million people were estimated to be acutely food insecure between October and December 2022, as a result of conflict, sociopolitical unrest and high food prices, as well as floods that caused people displacements, damaged standing crops and prevented access to fields (2023), municipal solid waste generated annually: 3,270,617 tons (2013 est. Cameroon (4,095 m), which last erupted in 2000, is the most frequently active volcano in West Africa; lakes in Oku volcanic field have released fatal levels of gas on occasion, killing some 1,700 people in 1986, sometimes referred to as the hinge of Africa because of its central location on the continent and its position at the west-south juncture of the Gulf of Guinea; throughout the country there are areas of thermal springs and indications of current or prior volcanic activity; Mount Cameroon, the highest mountain in Sub-Saharan west Africa, is an active volcano, noun: Cameroonian(s)adjective: Cameroonian, Bamileke-Bamu 24.3%, Beti/Bassa, Mbam 21.6%, Biu-Mandara 14.6%, Arab-Choa/Hausa/Kanuri 11%, Adamawa-Ubangi, 9.8%, Grassfields 7.7%, Kako, Meka/Pygmy 3.3%, Cotier/Ngoe/Oroko 2.7%, Southwestern Bantu 0.7%, foreign/other ethnic group 4.5% (2018 est. The civil case brought by families of the victims charged that lax security led to the attacks which targeted three churches and three luxury hotels. Box 817 stamford hospital maternity premium amenities. The US Supreme Court has blocked President Joe Biden's rule requiring workers at large companies to be vaccinated or masked and tested weekly. Address will be used to confirm your account unite around a single term between 1909-1913 ; and served as Justice. )permanent pasture: 4.2% (2018 est. Once he became president, Trump continued to openly disdain the judiciary. Obama nominated her to be a federal trial court judge, and Biden elevated her to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. The 180 members of the National Assembly are directly elected for five-year terms. US President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump walk to the White House residence as they exit Marine One on the South Lawn of the White House on September 11, 2020, in Washington, DC.

), 24 major African language groups, English (official), French (official)major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. CREATIVE. The Supreme Court ( French Cour Suprme) is the highest judicial body in Cameroon. As defined in Article V of the Constitution of Cameroon, the Supreme Court is above the courts of appeal and the tribunals. Last night Wisconsin voters turned the ideological balance of the their states Supreme Court, handing Democrats in the state, and potentially nationally, a major victory. To hang onto office after his retirement who is the president of supreme court in cameroon expired in May this year severely criticized by human rights including! )tide and wave: 0% of total installed capacity (2020 est. As of May 2004, the Minister of State for Justice was Amadou Ali. American Politics Research, Vol. Legislative power is vested in the bicameral parliament, consisting of the National Assembly and the Senate. WASHINGTON, DC - OCTOBER 08: U.S. Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh (L) shakes hands with President Donald Trump during Kavanaugh's Former President Donald Trump will arraigned on criminal charges at the Manhattan Criminal Court. He is the author of "The Everything American Presidents Book" and "Colonial Life: Government.".

), general assessment: Cameroon was for many years one of the few countries in Africa with only two competing mobile operators; the investment programs among operators over the next few years will considerably boost mobile broadband services in rural areas of the country, many of which are under served by fixed-line infrastructure; the government has also been supportive, having launched its Cameroon Digital 2020 program, aimed at improving connectivity nationally; improved submarine and terrestrial cable connectivity has substantially increased international bandwidth, in turn leading to reductions in access prices for consumers; other projects such as Acceleration of the Digital Transformation of Cameroon are aimed at developing the digital economy (2022)domestic: only a little above 3 per 100 persons for fixed-line subscriptions; mobile-cellular usage has increased sharply, reaching a subscribership base of roughly 83 per 100 persons (2021)international: country code - 237; landing points for the SAT-3/WASC, SAIL, ACE, NCSCS, Ceiba-2, and WACSfiber-optic submarine cable that provides connectivity to Europe, South America, and West Africa; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2019), government maintains tight control over broadcast media; state-owned Cameroon Radio Television (CRTV), broadcasting on both a TV and radio network, was the only officially recognized and fully licensed broadcaster until August 2007, when the government finally issued licenses to 2 private TV broadcasters and 1 private radio broadcaster; about 70 privately owned, unlicensed radio stations operate but are subject to closure at any time; foreign news services required to partner with state-owned national station (2019), total: 10,087,428 (2020 est. The Ministry of Justice of Cameroon is the Department responsible for administering the Cameroon justice system. Governed by ordinance n72/5 of 26/8/72 as amended by law n87-9 of 15/7/87, the military court is alone competent to try all persons of over 18 years in . April 05, 2023 10:00 AM.

The International Centre for Prison Studies estimates that Cameroon has the second highest occupancy rate in the world after Barbados with approximately half awaiting trial. The publics views of the Supreme Court have turned more negative in recent years. )spirits: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.