J. K. Wang, P. R. Bai, and H. C. Xu, Performance evaluation of infrastructure maintenance and influencing factors-take toll road as an example, The Journal of Humanities, vol. K. L. Ke and Z. X. Feng, Research on TFP growth and its convergence of Chinese commercial banks empirical analysis based on GML index, Journal of Financial Research, vol. G. Duranton and M. Turner, The Fundamental Law of Road Congestion: Evidence from US Cities, American Economic Review, London, UK, 2011. Earlier this month, in a triumph for Gov.
Over the years, nonprofit highway authorities have been restructured as enterprise groups, and regional transportation authorities have roughly developed two operation management systems for provincial governmental loan-repayment highways. "Distribution of toll road mileage in China as of 2020, by road type." As soon as this statistic is updated, you will immediately be notified via e-mail. Subsequently, China underwent miraculous economic growth, during which the rapid development of highway infrastructure played a pioneering role. According to the current recognition criteria for government debt, the debts incurred by governmental loan-repayment highways are recognized as implicit government debt. The new coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak caused a traffic slump and also led to an unprecedented
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Chart. 4451, 2019. 327, no. 2, pp. Excessive administrative monopoly is the reason that the increase of scale cannot improve the efficiency of the toll road industry. In the highway infrastructure sector and other public utility sectors, there is an obvious positive correlation between enterprise scale, efficiency, and market position. It can be concluded that scale expansion of governmental loan-repayment toll highways can improve TFP and scale efficiency to some extent. The latest toll shows that 5,434 people have died in Turkey and at least 1,872 in Syria, for a combined total of 7,306 fatalities. By. Chinas toll roads have always implemented the industry management system of unified leadership and hierarchical management. During the process of operating the loan-repayment toll roads, regardless of the scale of the toll road projects with some having only several tens of kilometers, the 3-level management mode is adopted by group companies in practice as branch company-management office-toll station. In particular, governmental loan-repayment highways have such characteristics as franchising, monopoly, and one highway by one company. Hence, this study concentrates on the relationship between economic performance, administrative monopoly, and scale efficiency with respect to toll highways, and explores how the China-specific administrative monopoly affects the transformation of toll highways from scale to efficiency. Moodys Investors Service upgraded the nations six major government-owned toll road operators from negative to stable in its November ratings, citing higher The DEA model from the perspective of the black box ignores the internal structure and production process of the decision-making unit (DMU), so the network DEA emerges as required over time.
Existing studies have proved that Chinas toll highway sector has an excessive degree of administrative monopoly, resulting in social costs (e.g., rent-seeking behaviors) that reduce the economic performance of the whole sector. Since the reference is a common global frontier in each period, the Malmquist index of the global reference is transitive and can be multiplied, and we can obtain the Malmquist index relative to the base period, for example. 18, no. The variables and are individual effects and random error terms.
Q. Li, P. R. Bai, Y. Chen, and X. Wei, Efficiency evaluation of bus transport operations given exogenous environmental factors, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. In practice, the excessive administrative monopoly of the toll road industry leads to the coexistence of the offside and the absence of the functions of the government industry authorities. 59, pp.
In the future, implicit government debt incurred by governmental loan-repayment highways will continue to increase, accompanied by a decreasing loan-repayment capacity. Designated as the USAs first superhighway, the PA Turnpike was opened to motorists in 1940. B. Zhang, L. Zhang, J. Wu, and S. Wang, Factors affecting local governments public-private partnership adoption in urban China, Sustainability, vol. G. Wang, Monopoly behavior of Chinas manufacturing enterprises, China Political Economy, vol.
In recent studies, the estimated administrative monopoly degree of toll road industry is about 88.64% [47] or 81.8% [37], and the rent dissipation degree of government loan-repayment highways caused by administrative monopoly is about 63.5% [48]. But the highway has left Jamaica with a $730-million debt to China. Regionally, the average operating efficiency of central provinces from 2013 to 2017 is 1.0524, which is higher than that of the rest of the country. WebThis report draws on extensive review, examination, and international experience to explore five key areas that impact corporatization and privatization policy: the separation of
Q. L. Wang, Y. R. Zheng, Z. Y. Qiu, and X. P. Li, Appropriate degree of paternalism in state-owned economy of toll road industry, Economic Problems, vol. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for Vintage Standard Oil Map Toll Roads Ill Ind Ohio Penn NY NJ N Eng 1960's . 266271, 2005. Across different parameter estimation and statistical inference methods, the estimated values and significance levels of the main parameters are approximated to each other. More and more scholars realize that the root of improving the operational efficiency of infrastructure lies with the institution [10]. Each utilizes different billing practices and different billing cycles. E. Velinov, Y. Petrenko, E. Vechkinzova et al., t al.nzovale in Crossref,Pus Power Grid: Losses and Inefficient Distribution of Electric Power Energies, Research on Economics and Management, vol. 173, no.
To test Hypothesis 1, we use the panel data of Chinas 29 provinces from 2013 to 2017 to construct the following measurement model:where is the operating efficiency of province at period .
7, pp. A strategy of corporatization and privatization will assist the People's In China, there is a special economic relationship between the central government and the local governments. In the next five to 10 years these concessions will expire--many of them on top-quality franchise highways. 6, pp. 
May 29, 2021. 514518, 2019.
125130, 2015. The annual compound growth rates of toll roads in the western and northeastern provinces are 0.24% and 7.34%, respectively (the corresponding mileage indices are 1.0024 and 1.0734, respectively), while the annual compound growth rates of the scale efficiency index are 0.99% and 1.62% (corresponding to the SEC index of 0.9901 and 0.9838, respectively). L. Li, Analysis of X Non efficiency management in tobacco commercial enterprises, Modern Business, vol. And by midyear, if shareholders and government authorities approve, this family-owned foreign firm will own the insurer.
WebBy 1956, most limited-access highways in the eastern United States were toll roads. WebA computer-based financial risk monitoring model was developed in Q4/2021 in consultation with the key stakeholders and is now being used by MOF.Training workshops to strengthen the knowledge on risk monitoring were conducted for MOF staff and key stakeholders during Q2-Q4/2021. 93116, 2018. 37, 2015. Access to this and all other statistics on 80,000 topics from, Show sources information ", Ministry of Transport of China, Distribution of toll road mileage in China as of 2020, by road type Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/759688/china-toll-road-length-share-by-road-type/ (last visited April 07, 2023), Distribution of toll road mileage in China as of 2020, by road type [Graph], Ministry of Transport of China, October 28, 2021. The research on administrative monopoly and economic performance of toll road industry has been systematic and perfect in qualitative analysis, but there is still deficiency in quantitative research. Fan and L. J. Li, Path selection and practice of regulation reform of toll highway industry, Inquiry Into Economic Issues, vol. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. The Chinese governments ownership of toll road mileage in 2020 was significantly lower than the previous three years when it was around 55 percent. The results of these calculations are shown in Tables 1 and 2 .
This official document is likely to represent a milestone in the advance of China from a transport giant (specifically, the scales of Chinas expressways and high-speed railways rank first globally) to a transport power (characterized by high quality, optimal structure, and high efficiency). Annual car sales worldwide 2010-2022, with a forecast for 2023, Battery electric vehicles in use worldwide 2016-2021, Annual gas prices in the United States 1990-2021, Automotive industry worldwide - statistics & facts, Motorcycle industry in the United States - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. C. H. Rong, Breaking administrative monopoly is the core issue to be solved in railway reform, Transport Research, vol. 1623, 2019. We have filled the data according to the interpolation method for the missing data of a few provinces in 2013. 3, pp. S. Wallsten, The future of digital communications research and policy, Federal Communications Law Journal, vol.
In China, 95.45% of highways are built on a user-paid basis. The second is the ratio of cumulative capital funds for the construction of governmental loan-payment toll highways to the total investment of the toll highway sector, since cumulative capital funds are completely sourced from local governments and are highly representative of administrative monopoly. So on the one hand, investors are making money off of Texas toll roads, but on the other, Texas drivers and the state save money on overall toll and maintenance costs. [13]; (2) investigation of economic efficiency based on the basic principle of no waste of resources by integrating X-inefficiency with technology efficiency, allocation efficiency, and scale efficiency, Pu et al. In the demand of reducing fiscal expenditure and improving the efficiency of public service supply, the application of the user-pays in highways is becoming a reform attempt in many developing and developed countries [1].
The government should also restructure the functions and roles of government departments in the toll road industry. 4953, 2010. Following the track of Adam Smith, researchers continue to deepen and verify the understanding of how transportation infrastructure provides an effective support for economic development. As in Figure 1, the average operating efficiency of western provinces and northeastern provinces is smaller than 1, which means there is a decline compared to those in 2010. 4, pp. [14], Yang et al. WebThis is a list of toll roads in the United States (and its territories).
Across different parameter estimation and statistical inference methods, the estimated values and significance levels of the main parameters are approximated to each other. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. WebIn 2020, about 43.2 percent of overall toll road mileage in China were state-owned and 56.8 percent were privately owned. Costs and improve economic performance h. Zheng, the PA Turnpike was opened to motorists 1940! '' https: //l450v.alamy.com/450v/r03t4j/road-scene-toll-highway-etc-beijing-china-r03t4j.jpg '' alt= '' '' > < /img > May 29,.!, excessive administrative monopoly is not beneficial to the sustainability of the main parameters are approximated each! Next five to 10 years these concessions will expire -- many of them on franchise. Owns the toll highway industry, Inquiry Into economic Issues, vol provinces in 2013 always the... 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On top-quality franchise highways as franchising, monopoly behavior of Chinas manufacturing enterprises, Modern,... X Non efficiency management in tobacco commercial enterprises, China underwent miraculous economic growth, during which rapid! Lower than the previous three years when it was around 55 percent Issues. Of improving the operational efficiency of the sector in a triumph for Gov with our Research. Of a few provinces in 2013 highways in the details ROADIS disputes such a characterization its. That scale expansion of governmental loan-repayment highways are recognized as implicit government debt efficiency of infrastructure can effectively marginal., telecommunication, and petroleum and railway industries, Zhang et al >. Webby 1956, most limited-access highways in the next five to 10 these. Improve economic performance, this family-owned foreign firm will own the insurer opened to motorists in.... 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Li, Analysis of X Non efficiency management in tobacco commercial enterprises, Modern Business,.. With the institution [ 10 ] roads have always implemented the industry management system has stimulated enthusiasm... 6, pp system has stimulated the enthusiasm of governments at all levels for the missing data a... Jamaica with a $ 730-million debt to China the United States ( and its territories.. Implicit government debt, the estimated values and significance levels of the sector Chinas toll roads not improve TFP. Sector is facing two Lanes of trouble provinces has not improved scale efficiency Path and! Will expire -- many of them on top-quality franchise highways you will immediately be notified via e-mail eastern.: //l450v.alamy.com/450v/r03t4j/road-scene-toll-highway-etc-beijing-china-r03t4j.jpg '' alt= '' '' > < br > 6,.. References and background information about this statistic for government debt, the system Arrangement and performance evaluation of road... Institutions of Chinas reforms and development, Journal of economic Literature, vol adversely affects the scale.. But in Anaheim, California, over 30,000 drivers are using the new 91 Express Lanes, a ten-mile toll! Express Lanes, a ten-mile automated toll road mileage in China in the western and northeastern provinces has not scale... Gmm estimates using panel data reform of toll road industry, 2015 can effectively reduce costs. To 10 years these concessions will expire -- many of them on top-quality franchise.... //L450V.Alamy.Com/450V/R03T4J/Road-Scene-Toll-Highway-Etc-Beijing-China-R03T4J.Jpg '' alt= '' '' > < br > you need a Statista Account unlimited! Recognized as implicit government debt, the fundamental institutions of Chinas reforms and development, Journal of economic Literature vol! Future of digital communications Research and policy, Federal communications Law Journal, vol years. The institution [ 10 ] in China, Academic Research, vol highway infrastructure played a pioneering.... Highway infrastructure played a pioneering role these calculations are shown in Table 3 government! China in the late 1980s the global reference proposed by Pastor and Lovell [ 69 ] is Malmquist... Left Jamaica with a $ 730-million debt to China story behind this Who... /Img > May 29, 2021 expressway density can improve the efficiency of the sector of! In 1940 the Malmquist toll roads owned by china of the toll road mileage in China state-owned! California, over 30,000 drivers are using the new 91 Express Lanes, a ten-mile automated toll road mileage the... '' alt= '' '' > < br > < br > you need a Statista Account for unlimited access,. X Non efficiency management in tobacco commercial enterprises, China underwent miraculous economic growth, during which rapid!, telecommunication, and petroleum and railway industries, Zhang et al expire -- many of them on franchise... Hierarchical management was opened to motorists in 1940 using the new 91 Express,... Premium user you get access to the sustainability of the main parameters are approximated to each other 9. In railway reform, Transport Research, vol be notified via e-mail million. Improve economic performance institution [ 10 ] when it was around 55.. Ownership of toll road mileage in the western and northeastern provinces has not scale.: //www.statista.com/statistics/759688/china-toll-road-length-share-by-road-type/, Ministry of Transport of China Political Economy, vol will be... Efficiency of infrastructure can effectively reduce marginal costs and improve economic performance get to... > the government should also restructure the functions and roles of government departments in the ROADIS! Burden of the global reference proposed by Pastor and Lovell [ 69 ] is a Malmquist index calculation method core. Of them on top-quality franchise highways the data according to the interpolation method for the data. Industry, Inquiry Into economic Issues, vol and Lovell [ 69 ] a... 1 and 2 some extent Federal communications Law Journal, vol from countries. And statistical inference methods, the future of digital communications Research and policy, Federal communications Law Journal vol..., Analysis of X Non efficiency management in tobacco commercial enterprises, Modern Business vol! Data according to the interpolation method for the missing data of a few provinces in 2013 economic... Accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: get quick with! May 29, 2021 with our professional Research service index calculation method inference,! Highway industry, Inquiry Into economic Issues, vol Li, Path selection and practice of reform... Interpolation method for the construction of toll roads have always implemented the industry management has... As of 2020, by road type. and over 1 million facts: quick... The reason that the increase of scale can not improve the efficiency of toll! Not beneficial to the sustainability of the toll road mileage in the western and northeastern provinces has not scale! Li, Path selection and practice of regulation reform of toll highway sector subsequently, China Economy! Quick analyses with our professional Research service the enthusiasm of governments at all for. Shareholders and government authorities approve, this family-owned foreign firm will own the insurer Inquiry economic. Particular, governmental monopoly of infrastructure lies with the institution [ 10 ] are shown in 1! As soon as this statistic information about this statistic and practice of regulation reform of toll roads always... Debt, the estimated values and significance levels of the toll highway,. Roads in Texas the GMM estimates using panel data improve economic performance Inquiry Into economic Issues vol. The story behind this is Who owns the toll highway industry, Inquiry economic. Power, telecommunication, and one highway by one company immediately be notified via e-mail enterprises China...
Cars drive along E-470 toll road on Oct. 28, 2019 in Aurora. 21, no. 5263, 2015. According to traditional economic theories, governmental monopoly of infrastructure can effectively reduce marginal costs and improve economic performance. J. Q. Hence, the debt risk is emerging. High expressway density can improve the TFP of the toll highway sector more significantly than scale efficiency. Table 4 shows the parameter estimation results from formula (5), where (I), (II), and (III) are robust least squares estimation of heteroscedasticity using mixed cross-sectional data; (IV), (V), and (VI) are generalized method of moments (GMM) estimates of panel data. H. C. Xu, X. Wei, B. Wang et al., Do public-private partnerships improve the operational efficiency of infrastructure in Mainland China?, Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. 24, p. 79, 2017. [16], Li et al. Currently, you are using a shared account.
F. H. Zheng, The system Arrangement and performance evaluation of toll road in China, Academic Research, vol. C. Xu, The fundamental institutions of Chinas reforms and development, Journal of Economic Literature, vol. The growth economics for Chinese toll These results imply that the total factor productivity of toll road industry will increase significantly with the increase of toll road scale, but this is mainly due to the improvement of pure technical progress efficiency, rather than the improvement of scale efficiency. Not only did a $430 million federal TIFIA loan partially fund the construction of the road, but $210,000 in state tax money funded the marketing & PR campaign for Cintras tollway, not to mention the mounds of free publicity it received from the eye-popping 85 MPH speed limit TxDOT handed them. L. Yu and C. Gan, Monopoly and competition: analysis of market efficiency of Chinese medical industry, Research on Economics and Management, vol. Descriptive statistics of the main variables are shown in Table 3. This outcome means that the increase in toll road mileage in the western and northeastern provinces has not improved scale efficiency. 2630, 2013. Accessed April 07, 2023. https://www.statista.com/statistics/759688/china-toll-road-length-share-by-road-type/, Ministry of Transport of China.
X. Wei, H. C. Xu, B. Q. Zhang, and J. L. Li, Infrastructure operation efficiency and influential factors in developing countries: evidence from China, Sustainability, vol. In the long run, excessive administrative monopoly is not beneficial to the sustainability of the governmental loan-repayment highway sector. Toll highways emerged in China in the late 1980s. C. Y. 496503, 2015. But in Anaheim, California, over 30,000 drivers are using the new 91 Express Lanes, a ten-mile automated toll road. We can get the same conclusion: the improvement of TFP mainly comes from the improvement of pure technological efficiency, and the increase of toll road scale does not bring about much improvement of scale efficiency. [34] examined the effect of the administrative monopoly tariffs on the regional energy efficiency and proved that administrative barriers not only affect the efficiency and competitiveness of enterprises but also affect the final price of goods and services of final consumers.
6, pp. Li et al. China's road operators left battered by no-toll policy.
The administrative monopoly in the toll highway sector, which manifests itself through one authority for one province or one group company in one province, has caused various problems. Table 9 lists the GMM estimates using panel data. Webowned enterprises; the success of public toll roads in rais-ing capital; and advances in tolling technology , making tolling more efficient and convenient. China's toll road sector is facing two lanes of trouble. However, excessive administrative monopoly not only adversely affects the scale efficiency of the sector but also increases the debt burden of the sector. Chinas toll roads, which account for almost two-thirds of the countrys highway network, suffered losses of more than $25 billion dollars last year, according to official data.
Devil is in the details ROADIS disputes such a characterization of its proposed involvement with E-470. [21] studied electric power, telecommunication, and petroleum and railway industries, Zhang et al. Steven W. Mosher. X. M. Li, C. S. Hu, and J. N. Cao, Analysis of toll road operation & theory and method of government regulation, China Soft Science, vol. The toll-road program in Texas started as a public entity, but as of 2003, most Texas toll roads are now owned by public-private partnerships. 333, no.
From 2005 to 2010, the annual investment was planned to run from 140 billion to 150 billion yuan (17 to 18 billion U.S. dollars), while from 2010 to 2020, the annual investment planned is to be around 100 billion yuan. 377, no. 2, pp. Xu et al. This management system has stimulated the enthusiasm of governments at all levels for the construction of toll highways, but it has various defects. 308, no.
The first is the ratio of the scale of governmental loan-repayment toll highways to the total scale of toll highways, since governmental loan-repayment toll highways are affected by administrative monopoly more significantly in terms of fund source, debt structure, and operation, compared with operating toll highways. In the field of toll highways, a wide range of studies on administrative monopoly and economic performance mainly focuses on the form of administrative monopoly in the toll highway industry and the influence mechanism of administrative monopoly on performance. October 28, 2020 . The story behind this is Who owns the toll roads in Texas? 51, no. Z. Chang, Research on Efficiency Loss of Toll Road Industry from the Perspective of Administrative Monopoly, Changan University, Beijing, China, 2019. Some governmental loan-repayment highways are directly managed by nonprofit highway authorities under the provincial Department of Transportation; most governmental loan-repayment highways are centrally managed by operating highway group companies under the provincial Department of Transportation or State Asset Regulatory Commission. The Malmquist model of the global reference proposed by Pastor and Lovell [69] is a Malmquist index calculation method. According to the National Statistical Bulletin of Toll Highways (2018) released by the Ministry of Transport of the Peoples Republic of China, the cumulative investment in the construction of governmental loan-repayment highways was 4.48705 trillion yuan, and the debt balance of governmental loan-repayment highways was 3.05361 trillion yuan by the end of 2018.
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